Fault is a common geological structure that has been revealed in the process of underground coal excavation and mining. The nature of its discontinuous structure controls the deformation, damage, and mechanics of the coal or rock mass. The interaction between this discontinuous structure and mining activities is a key factor that dominates fault reactivation and the coal burst it can induce. This paper first summarizes investigations into the relationships between coal mining layouts and fault occurrences, along with relevant conceptual models for fault reactivation. Subsequently, it proposes mechanisms of fault reactivation and its induced coal burst based on the superposition of static and dynamic stresses, which include two kinds of fault reactivations from: mining-induced quasi-static stress (FRMSS)-dominated and seismic-based dynamic stress (FRSDS)-dominated. These two kinds of fault reactivations are then validated by the results of experimental investigations, numerical modeling, and in situ microseismic monitoring. On this basis, monitoring methods and prevention strategies for fault-induced coal burst are discussed and recommended. The results show that fault-induced coal burst is triggered by the superposition of high static stress in the fault pillar and dynamic stress from fault reactivation. High static stress comes from the interaction of the fault and the roof structure, and dynamic stress can be ascribed to FRMSS and FRSDS. The results in this paper could be of great significance in guiding the monitoring and prevention of fault-induced coal bursts.

断层是在地下煤炭开采和开采过程中发现的常见地质构造。其不连续结构的性质控制着煤或岩体的变形、损坏和力学。这种不连续结构与采矿活动之间的相互作用是主导断层再激活及其可能引发的煤爆的关键因素。本文首先总结了对煤炭开采布局与断层发生之间关系的调查，以及断层再激活的相关概念模型。随后，提出了基于静动态应力叠加的断层再激活机制及其诱发的煤爆，包括以下两种断层再激活：采矿引起的准静态应力 (FRMSS) 主导和地震动态应力 (FRSDS) 主导。然后通过实验研究、数值建模和原位微震监测。在此基础上，对断层爆煤的监测方法和预防策略进行了探讨和建议。结果表明，断层诱发煤爆是由断层柱内的高静应力和断层再激活产生的动态应力叠加触发的。高静应力来自断层与顶板结构的相互作用，动应力可归因于 FRMSS 和 FRSDS。本文研究结果对指导断层爆煤的监测和防治具有重要意义。