Soil conservation is one of the most important ecosystem services, as it has a positive impact on soil fertility and land productivity. Although soil conservation includes multiple facets, existing research on soil conservation has rarely considered the combination of soil erosion and sediment within its analysis. In this context, this paper uses the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) module of Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) to develop a Soil Conservation Efficiency Index that accounts for both soil erosion conservation efficiency and river sediment transport conservation efficiency. A natural growth and reforestation scenario of land use change was applied and modelled with the Nile River Basin from 2010 to 2100. Three main results were obtained: (1) From 2000 to 2010, grassland increased by 4.34%, and the forest decreased by 4.91%. (2) From 2000 to 2100, soil conservation presents a declining tendency in the two scenarios, and the soil conservation amounts based on soil erosion and sediment were 1550.48 ± 177.12 and 100.93 ± 6.24 (t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) in a natural growth scenario, respectively, and 1576.78 ± 63.21 and 104.41 ± 0.30 (t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) in a reforestation scenario, respectively. (3) It was found that the reforestation scenario was the most effective. With soil erosion conservation efficiency being most effective in the first fifty years, and the river sediment transport conservation efficiency being more effective from 2010 to 2100. Overall, when reducing the conversion rate of forest land by 0.5 times and increasing the rate of conversion to forest by 0.5 times, the effect of land use changes to river sediment transport conservation efficiency has a longer-term effect than changes to soil erosion conservation efficiency.

土壤保护是最重要的生态系统服务之一，因为它对土壤肥力和土地生产力具有积极影响。尽管土壤保护包括多个方面，但现有的土壤保护研究很少在分析中考虑土壤侵蚀和沉积物的结合。在这种情况下，本文使用经修订的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）和生态系统服务与折衷综合评估（InVEST）的泥沙输送比（SDR）模块来开发土壤保护效率指数，该指标同时考虑了土壤侵蚀保护效率和河道底泥运输养护效率。应用尼罗河流域从2010年到2100年的土地利用变化的自然增长和重新造林情景并进行了建模。获得了三个主要结果：（1）从2000年到2010年，草地增加了4.34％，森林减少了4.91％。（2）从2000年到2100年，两种情况下的土壤保持量均呈下降趋势，基于土壤侵蚀和沉积物的土壤保持量为1550.48±177.12和100.93±6.24（t·ha^-1 ÿ ^-1）分别在一个自然增长的情况下，和1576.78±63.21和104.41±0.30（吨公顷^-1 ý ^-1在造林方案中，分别地）。（3）发现造林是最有效的方案。从2010年到2100年，水土流失保护效率最有效，河道沉积物运输保护效率更有效。总体而言，将林地的转化率降低0.5倍并提高森林转化率时土地利用变化对河沙输沙保护效率的影响是土壤侵蚀保护效率变化的0.5倍，具有更长期的影响。