Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is also known as the “Third Pole”. Elevation dependent warming (EDW), the phenomenon that warming rate changes systematically with elevation, is of high significance for realistically estimating warming rates and their impacts over the TP. This review summarizes studies of characteristics and mechanisms behind EDW over the TP based on multiple observed datasets and model simulations. Spatial expression of EDW and explanatory mechanisms are still largely unknown because of the lack of suitable data over the TP. The focus is on the roles played by known mechanisms such as snow/ice-albedo feedback, cloud feedback, atmospheric water vapor feedback, aerosol feedback, and changes in land use, ozone and vegetation. At present, there is limited consensus on the main mechanisms controlling EDW. Finally, new perspectives and unresolved issues are outlined, including quantification of EDW in climate model simulations, explanation of the long-term EDW reconstructed from proxies, interaction between the Asian summer monsoon and EDW, importance of EDW for future environmental changes and water resources, and current gaps in understanding EDW over extremely high elevations. Further progress requires a more comprehensive ground observation network, greater use of remote sensing data, and high-resolution climate modeling with better representation of both atmospheric and cryospheric processes.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原依赖海拔的变暖：模式、机制和前景

摘要 青藏高原又称“第三极”。海拔相关变暖（EDW）是变暖速率随海拔高度变化的现象，对于实际估计变暖速率及其对青藏高原的影响具有重要意义。本综述总结了基于多个观测数据集和模型模拟的 EDW 背后特征和机制的研究。由于缺乏 TP 的合适数据，EDW 的空间表达和解释机制在很大程度上仍然未知。重点是已知机制所发挥的作用，例如雪/冰反照率反馈、云反馈、大气水汽反馈、气溶胶反馈以及土地利用、臭氧和植被的变化。目前，对控制 EDW 的主要机制的共识有限。最后，概述了新的观点和未解决的问题，包括气候模型模拟中 EDW 的量化、对从代理重建的长期 EDW 的解释、亚洲夏季风和 EDW 之间的相互作用、EDW 对未来环境变化和水资源的重要性以及当前对极高海拔的 EDW 的理解存在差距。进一步的进展需要更全面的地面观测网络，更多地使用遥感数据，以及更好地代表大气和冰冻圈过程的高分辨率气候建模。EDW 对未来环境变化和水资源的重要性，以及目前在极高海拔地区了解 EDW 的差距。进一步的进展需要更全面的地面观测网络，更多地使用遥感数据，以及更好地代表大气和冰冻圈过程的高分辨率气候建模。EDW 对未来环境变化和水资源的重要性，以及目前在极高海拔地区了解 EDW 的差距。进一步的进展需要更全面的地面观测网络，更多地使用遥感数据，以及更好地代表大气和冰冻圈过程的高分辨率气候建模。