Abstract Soils are a crucial link between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. Any disturbance to the health of soils will severely impact plants as well as a multitude of organisms living in or on soils, such as fungi, bacteria, and insects. Catastrophic soil loss is thought to have played a pivotal role during mass-extinction events as a result of major deforestation, but the exact feedbacks remain elusive. Here, we assess the role of soil loss during the end-Triassic mass-extinction event based on proxy data obtained from four sediment sections recovered from France, Germany, and Denmark. Clay mineral and palynological data indicate a strong increase in erosion during the latest Rhaetian with the influx of kaolinite and abundantly reworked Palaeozoic and Neoproterozoic organic matter. Based on a new timeline, these changes were coeval with intense volcanic activity in the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). In addition to vegetation dieback, repeated forest fires, as well as widespread seismic activity related to CAMP emplacement led to landscape destruction triggering removal of soils. The biological degradation of fern spore walls by fungi and bacteria, a process coupled to organic matter decay in soils, strongly decreased across the T/J boundary. We interpret this counter-intuitive result as evidence for rapid and widespread removal of soils. Taken together, CAMP induced environmental changes led to profound changes in erosion and removal of soils, while soil resilience during the Hettangian appears to have proceeded hand in hand with recovery in Jurassic seas.

中文翻译：

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与三叠纪末森林砍伐相关的灾难性土壤流失

摘要 土壤是连接大气圈、生物圈和地圈的重要纽带。对土壤健康的任何干扰都会严重影响植物以及生活在土壤中或土壤上的多种生物，例如真菌、细菌和昆虫。灾难性的土壤流失被认为在大规模森林砍伐导致的大规模灭绝事件中发挥了关键作用，但确切的反馈仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们根据从法国、德国和丹麦回收的四个沉积物剖面获得的代理数据，评估了三叠纪末大灭绝事件中土壤流失的作用。粘土矿物和孢粉学数据表明，随着高岭石和大量重新加工的古生代和新元古代有机质的涌入，在最近的雷蒂亚纪侵蚀强烈增加。根据新的时间表，这些变化与中大西洋岩浆省（CAMP）的强烈火山活动同时发生。除了植被枯死之外，反复的森林火灾以及与 CAMP 安置相关的广泛地震活动导致景观破坏，从而引发土壤的清除。真菌和细菌对蕨类孢子壁的生物降解，这一过程与土壤中的有机物质腐烂相结合，在 T/J 边界上大大减少。我们将这种违反直觉的结果解释为快速和广泛去除土壤的证据。综上所述，CAMP 引起的环境变化导致土壤侵蚀和去除的深刻变化，而 Hettangian 期间的土壤恢复力似乎与侏罗纪海洋的恢复同步进行。除了植被枯死之外，反复的森林火灾以及与 CAMP 安置相关的广泛地震活动导致景观破坏，从而引发土壤的清除。真菌和细菌对蕨类孢子壁的生物降解，这一过程与土壤中的有机物质腐烂相结合，在 T/J 边界上大大减少。我们将这种违反直觉的结果解释为快速和广泛去除土壤的证据。综上所述，CAMP 引起的环境变化导致土壤侵蚀和去除的深刻变化，而 Hettangian 期间的土壤恢复力似乎与侏罗纪海洋的恢复同步进行。除了植被枯死之外，反复的森林火灾以及与 CAMP 安置相关的广泛地震活动导致景观破坏，从而引发土壤的清除。真菌和细菌对蕨类孢子壁的生物降解，这一过程与土壤中的有机物质腐烂相结合，在 T/J 边界上大大减少。我们将这种违反直觉的结果解释为快速和广泛去除土壤的证据。综上所述，CAMP 引起的环境变化导致土壤侵蚀和去除的深刻变化，而 Hettangian 期间的土壤恢复力似乎与侏罗纪海洋的恢复同步进行。真菌和细菌对蕨类孢子壁的生物降解，这一过程与土壤中的有机物质腐烂相结合，在 T/J 边界上大大减少。我们将这种违反直觉的结果解释为快速和广泛去除土壤的证据。综上所述，CAMP 引起的环境变化导致土壤侵蚀和去除的深刻变化，而 Hettangian 期间的土壤恢复力似乎与侏罗纪海洋的恢复同步进行。真菌和细菌对蕨类孢子壁的生物降解，这一过程与土壤中的有机物质腐烂相结合，在 T/J 边界上大大减少。我们将这种违反直觉的结果解释为快速和广泛去除土壤的证据。总之，CAMP 引起的环境变化导致土壤侵蚀和去除的深刻变化，而 Hettangian 期间的土壤恢复力似乎与侏罗纪海洋的恢复齐头并进。