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Efficacy of fungicide treatments for Plasmopara viticola control and occurrence of strobilurin field resistance in vineyards in Georgia, USA
Crop Protection ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105371
Sarah E. Campbell , Phillip M. Brannen , Harald Scherm , Nathan Eason , Clark MacAllister

Abstract Grapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is a major disease of cultivated wine grapes in Georgia (USA), where the climate is favorable for rapid epidemic development. Although loss of fungicide sensitivity has been documented for P. viticola populations in other viticultural regions, it had not been confirmed previously in Georgia. Downy mildew samples from three vineyards, two managed commercially and one located at a research station, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to identify the presence of known mutations conferring quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) and carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide resistance. PCR assays detected the presence of the G143A mutation which confers resistance to the QoI fungicides in 100% of samples (n = 39) and the absence of the G1105S mutation that confers resistance to CAA fungicides at all three locations. To determine fungicide efficacy, field trials were conducted in these same vineyards with 10 oomycete-active fungicides or combinations. A significant reduction in efficacy of QoI fungicides (azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin), with disease levels statistically equivalent to those of untreated vines, was observed. Based on the presence of the G143A mutation that confers resistance to QoIs and the associated field disease control failures observed where QoIs were applied, this fungicide class may no longer be effective for downy mildew management in many Georgia vineyards.

中文翻译:

杀菌剂处理对美国乔治亚州葡萄园葡萄单胞菌控制和嗜球果伞素田间抗性发生的效果

摘要 葡萄霜霉病是由葡萄霜霉病菌引起的葡萄霜霉病,是美国佐治亚州酿酒葡萄的主要病害,该地区气候适宜,流行迅速。尽管在其他葡萄栽培区已经记录了 P. viticola 种群对杀菌剂敏感性的丧失,但之前在乔治亚州尚未得到证实。来自三个葡萄园的霜霉病样本(两个由商业管理,一个位于研究站)进行聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 分析,以确定是否存在赋予醌外抑制剂 (QoI) 和羧酸酰胺 (CAA) 杀菌剂的已知突变抵抗性。PCR 检测在 100% 的样本(n = 39)中检测到 G143A 突变的存在,该突变赋予对 QoI 杀真菌剂的抗性,并且在所有三个位置都不存在赋予对 CAA 杀真菌剂的抗性的 G1105S 突变。为了确定杀真菌剂的功效,在这些相同的葡萄园中使用 10 种卵菌活性杀真菌剂或组合进行了田间试验。观察到 QoI 杀菌剂(嘧菌酯和唑菌胺酯)的功效显着降低,疾病水平在统计上与未经处理的葡萄藤相同。基于赋予 QoI 抗性的 G143A 突变的存在以及在应用 QoI 的地方观察到的相关田间病害控制失败,这种杀菌剂类别可能不再对许多乔治亚州葡萄园的霜霉病管理有效。为了确定杀真菌剂的功效,在这些相同的葡萄园中使用 10 种卵菌活性杀真菌剂或组合进行了田间试验。观察到 QoI 杀菌剂(嘧菌酯和唑菌胺酯)的功效显着降低,疾病水平在统计上与未经处理的葡萄藤相同。基于赋予 QoI 抗性的 G143A 突变的存在以及在应用 QoI 的地方观察到的相关田间病害控制失败,这种杀菌剂类别可能不再对许多乔治亚州葡萄园的霜霉病管理有效。为了确定杀真菌剂的功效,在这些相同的葡萄园中使用 10 种卵菌活性杀真菌剂或组合进行了田间试验。观察到 QoI 杀菌剂(嘧菌酯和唑菌胺酯)的功效显着降低,疾病水平在统计上与未经处理的葡萄藤相同。基于赋予 QoI 抗性的 G143A 突变的存在以及在应用 QoI 的地方观察到的相关田间病害控制失败,这种杀菌剂类别可能不再对许多乔治亚州葡萄园的霜霉病管理有效。观察到病害水平在统计学上与未经处理的葡萄藤相同。基于赋予 QoI 抗性的 G143A 突变的存在以及在应用 QoI 的地方观察到的相关田间病害控制失败,这种杀菌剂类别可能不再对许多乔治亚州葡萄园的霜霉病管理有效。观察到病害水平在统计学上与未经处理的葡萄藤相同。基于赋予 QoI 抗性的 G143A 突变的存在以及在应用 QoI 的地方观察到的相关田间病害控制失败,这种杀菌剂类别可能不再对许多乔治亚州葡萄园的霜霉病管理有效。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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