Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs), are potential sources for cell-based therapeutic strategies. However, there is little knowledge about the lipid composition of these stem cells and the mechanisms of their differentiation. Lipids have important biological and physiological functions that are critical for understanding the regulation and control of stem cell fate. This study sought to analyze the lipidome of rabbit ADSCs and MDSCs and their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. The MSCs were isolated and were characterized by flow cytometry. Lipids were extracted from both MSCs and differentiated cells, and the lipids were subsequently analyzed with a hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The results showed a total of 1687 lipid species. MSCs exhibited different lipid profiles as well as changes in lipid composition after differentiation. Furthermore, the expression levels of N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) 54:7+NH4 (-FA 17:0(NH4)) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) 42:6+Na were higher in the adipogenic lineages in of both MSC types, and NAPE 58:2+NH4 (-FA 17:0 (NH4)) and NAPE 56:2+NH4 (-FA 17:0 (NH4)) had higher levels in the osteogenic lineages, suggesting lipid similarities in cells differentiated from different stem cell sources.

间质干细胞（MSC），例如脂肪干细胞（ADSC）和骨骼肌衍生干细胞（MDSC），是基于细胞的治疗策略的潜在来源。但是，关于这些干细胞的脂质组成及其分化机理的知识很少。脂质具有重要的生物学和生理功能，对于理解干细胞命运的调控至关重要。这项研究试图分析兔ADSCs和MDSCs的脂质组及其成脂和成骨分化。分离MSC并通过流式细胞术表征。从MSC和分化的细胞中提取脂质，然后用​​混合三重四极杆飞行时间质谱仪分析脂质。结果显示总共1687种脂质。MSC显示出不同的脂质谱以及分化后脂质组成的变化。此外，两种类型的脂肪形成谱系中，N-酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺（NAPE）54：7 + NH4（-FA 17：0（NH4））和磷脂酰胆碱（PC）42：6 + Na的表达水平更高，而NAPE 58：2 + NH4（-FA 17：0（NH4））和NAPE 56：2 + NH4（-FA 17：0（NH4））在成骨细胞系中的含量较高，这表明从不同的干细胞来源。