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Autoepistemic answer set programming
Artificial Intelligence ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2020.103382
Pedro Cabalar , Jorge Fandinno , Luis Fariñas del Cerro

Abstract Defined by Gelfond in 1991, epistemic specifications constitute an extension of Answer Set Programming (ASP) that introduces subjective literals. A subjective literal allows checking whether some regular literal is true in all (or in some of) the answer sets of the program, that are further collected in a set called world view. One epistemic program may yield several world views but, under the original semantics, some of them resulted from self-supported derivations. During the last eight years, several alternative approaches have been proposed to get rid of these self-supported world views. Unfortunately, their success could only be measured by studying their behaviour on a set of common examples in the literature, since no formal property of “self-supportedness” had been defined. To fill this gap, we extend in this paper the idea of unfounded set from standard logic programming to the epistemic case. We define when a world view is founded with respect to some program. Accordingly, we define the foundedness property for an arbitrary semantics, so it holds when its world views are always founded. Using counterexamples, we explain that the previous approaches violate foundedness, and proceed to propose a new semantics based on a combination of Moore's Autoepistemic Logic and Pearce's Equilibrium Logic. This combination paves the way for the development of an autoepistemic extension of ASP. The main result proves that this new semantics precisely captures the set of world views of the original semantics that are founded.

中文翻译:

自认知答案集编程

摘要 由 Gelfond 于 1991 年定义的认知规范构成了答案集编程 (ASP) 的扩展,它引入了主观文字。主观文字允许检查程序的所有(或部分)答案集中的某个常规文字是否为真,这些答案集中在称为世界观的集合中进一步收集。一个认知程序可能会产生几种世界观,但在原始语义下,其中一些是由自支持的推导产生的。在过去的八年中,已经提出了几种替代方法来摆脱这些自我支持的世界观。不幸的是,他们的成功只能通过研究他们在文献中的一组常见例子的行为来衡量,因为没有定义“自力更生”的正式属性。为了填补这个空白,我们在本文中将无根据集合的思想从标准逻辑编程扩展到认知案例。我们定义什么时候建立世界观关于某个程序。因此,我们为任意语义定义了成立性属性,因此当其世界观总是成立时它成立。使用反例,我们解释了之前的方法违反了基础,并基于摩尔的自知逻辑和皮尔斯的均衡逻辑的组合继续提出一种新的语义。这种组合为 ASP 的自认知扩展的发展铺平了道路。主要结果证明,这种新语义准确地捕捉到了所建立的原始语义的世界观集。我们定义什么时候建立世界观关于某个程序。因此,我们为任意语义定义了成立性属性,因此当其世界观总是成立时它成立。使用反例,我们解释了之前的方法违反了基础,并基于摩尔的自知逻辑和皮尔斯的均衡逻辑的组合继续提出一种新的语义。这种组合为 ASP 的自认知扩展的发展铺平了道路。主要结果证明,这种新语义准确地捕捉到了所建立的原始语义的世界观集。我们定义什么时候建立世界观关于某个程序。因此,我们为任意语义定义了成立性属性,因此当其世界观总是成立时它成立。使用反例,我们解释了之前的方法违反了基础,并基于摩尔的自知逻辑和皮尔斯的均衡逻辑的组合继续提出一种新的语义。这种组合为 ASP 的自认知扩展的发展铺平了道路。主要结果证明,这种新语义准确地捕捉到了所建立的原始语义的世界观集。我们解释了之前的方法违反了基础,并基于摩尔的自知逻辑和皮尔斯的均衡逻辑的组合继续提出一种新的语义。这种组合为 ASP 的自认知扩展的发展铺平了道路。主要结果证明,这种新语义准确地捕捉到了所建立的原始语义的世界观集。我们解释了之前的方法违反了基础,并基于摩尔的自知逻辑和皮尔斯的均衡逻辑的组合继续提出一种新的语义。这种组合为 ASP 的自认知扩展的发展铺平了道路。主要结果证明,这种新语义准确地捕捉到了所建立的原始语义的世界观集。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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