In recent years, structural health monitoring (SHM) has become a widely used state-of-the-art method for analyzing and assessing the condition of civil infrastructure. SHM systems are characterized by a plethora of heterogeneous system components. For optimizing, documenting, and change tracking of SHM systems, information about SHM systems needs to be formally described on a sound basis. However, with current methods, such as ontologies, description languages or metamodels, only a small subset of information inherent to SHM systems, such as information about sensors, can formally be described. This paper presents a conceptual approach towards identifying and specifying monitoring-related information. Based on a summary review of SHM modeling approaches, metaization concepts to overcome the current limitations are discussed and a robust formalism to describe SHM systems mathematically is proposed. The review methodology is based on a three-pillar concept. First, regulations, standards, and guidelines related to SHM and, second, the current research landscape is examined to identify information required for describing SHM systems, and hierarchies of terms are proposed to categorize the findings. Third, metamodel architectures, such as SHM-related ontologies, BIM-based metamodels and description languages, are reviewed with respect to formally describe SHM systems. Being part of the third pillar, mathematical metamodeling approaches based on category theory, set theory and type theory are presented, capable to describe SHM system as well as approaches suitable to couple metamodels. As an outcome of this study, besides a comprehensive review of the above directions, a strategy towards developing a metaization concept is proposed to provide a robust formalism for SHM system descriptions, aiming to advance optimization, documentation, and change tracking of SHM systems.

近年来，结构健康监测（SHM）已成为分析和评估民用基础设施状况的一种广泛使用的最新方法。SHM系统的特征在于过多的异构系统组件。为了优化，记录和跟踪SHM系统，需要在合理的基础上正式描述有关SHM系统的信息。但是，使用诸如本体论，描述语言或元模型之类的当前方法，只能正式描述SHM系统固有的一小部分信息，例如有关传感器的信息。本文提出了一种用于识别和指定与监视有关的信息的概念方法。根据对SHM建模方法的总结，讨论了克服当前局限性的元化概念，并提出了一种健壮的形式主义以数学方式描述SHM系统。审查方法基于三个支柱的概念。首先，与SHM相关的法规，标准和指南，其次，检查当前的研究前景以识别描述SHM系统所需的信息，并提出术语层次结构对发现进行分类。第三，从正式描述SHM系统的角度回顾了元模型体系结构，例如SHM相关本体，基于BIM的元模型和描述语言。作为第三支柱的一部分，提出了基于范畴论，集合论和类型论的数学元建模方法，它们能够描述SHM系统以及适合耦合元模型的方法。