The clinical importance of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (M. abscessus) lung disease has been increasing, but few studies have assessed the clinical characteristics associated with the treatment outcome. We retrospectively analyzed 75 consecutive patients with M. abscessus lung disease diagnosed at a tertiary hospital from January 2004 to April 2018. Among 52 patients with sufficient clinical data, 19 patients (42.2%) achieved treatment success. Compared with 26 (57.8%) patients in the treatment failure group, body mass index (BMI) (19.8 vs 17.5 kg/m², P = 0.022), previous nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease (26.3% vs 61.5%, P = 0.034), the presence of cavitary lesions (31.6% vs 69.2%, P = 0.017), and the bronchiectasis score (3.0 vs 5.0, P = 0.003) were significantly different in the treatment success group. Multivariate analysis showed that age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90 to 0.99; P = 0.010), the presence of cavitary lesions (aHR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.94; P = 0.039), and previous NTM lung disease (aHR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.86; P = 0.026) were negatively associated with treatment success. This is the first study to show that previous NTM lung disease might be a clinically important factor related to unfavorable treatment outcomes in M. abscessus lung disease patients. To increase our understanding the characteristics of M. abscessus lung disease, this factor should be independently analyzed in future research.

脓肿分枝杆菌亚种的临床重要性。脓肿（M.脓肿）肺部疾病一直在增加，但很少有研究评估与治疗结果相关的临床特征。我们回顾性分析了2004年1月至2018年4月在三级医院诊断的连续75例脓肿分枝杆菌肺部疾病患者。在52例有足够临床数据的患者中，19例患者（42.2%）获得治疗成功。与治疗失败组26例（57.8%）患者相比，体重指数（BMI）（19.8 vs 17.5 kg/m 2 ^， P =  0.022）、既往非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）肺部疾病（26.3% vs 61.5%，P）  = 0.034）、空洞病变的存在（31.6% vs 69.2%，P  = 0.017）和支气管扩张评分（3.0 vs 5.0，P  = 0.003）在治疗成功组中存在显着差异。多变量分析显示，年龄（调整后风险比（aHR），0.94；95%置信区间（CI），0.90至0.99；P  = 0.010）、是否存在空洞病变（aHR，0.34；95% CI，0.12至0.94；95% CI，0.12至0.94）。P  = 0.039）和既往 NTM 肺病（aHR，0.28；95% CI，0.09 至 0.86；P  = 0.026）与治疗成功呈负相关。这是第一项表明既往 NTM 肺病可能是与脓肿分枝杆菌肺病患者不良治疗结果相关的临床重要因素的研究。为了增加我们对脓肿分枝杆菌肺部疾病特征的了解，应在未来的研究中独立分析该因素。