In order to shed light on the seismic response of complex industrial plants, advanced finite element models should take into account both multicomponents and relevant coupling effects. These models are usually computationally expensive and rely on significant computational resources. Moreover, the relationships between seismic action, system response and relevant damage levels are often characterized by a high level of nonlinearity, which requires a solid background of experimental data. Vulnerability and reliability analyses both depend on the adoption of a significant number of seismic waveforms that are generally not available when seismic risk evaluation is strictly site-specific. In addition, detection of most vulnerable components, i.e., pipe bends and welding points, is an important step to prevent leakage events. In order to handle these issues, a methodology based on a stochastic seismic ground motion model, hybrid simulation and acoustic emission is presented in this paper. The seismic model is able to generate synthetic ground motions coherent with site-specific analysis. In greater detail, the system is composed of a steel slender tank, i.e., the numerical substructure, and a piping network connected through a bolted flange joint, i.e., the physical substructure. Moreover, to monitor the seismic performance of the pipeline and harness the use of sensor technology, acoustic emission sensors are placed through the pipeline. Thus, real-time acoustic emission signals of the system under study are acquired using acoustic emission sensors. Moreover, in addition to seismic events, also a severe monotonic loading is exerted on the physical substructure. As a result, deformation levels of each critical component were investigated; and the processing of acoustic emission signals provided a more in-depth view of the damage of the analysed components.

中文翻译：

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混合模拟和声发射的耦合罐-管道系统地震脆弱性分析

为了阐明复杂工业厂房的地震反应，先进的有限元模型应该同时考虑多分量和相关的耦合效应。这些模型通常在计算上很昂贵并且依赖于大量的计算资源。此外，地震作用、系统响应和相关损伤水平之间的关系通常具有高度非线性的特征，这需要扎实的实验数据背景。脆弱性和可靠性分析都依赖于大量地震波形的采用，当地震风险评估严格针对特定地点时，这些波形通常是不可用的。此外，检测最脆弱的部件，即弯管和焊接点，是防止泄漏事件的重要步骤。为了解决这些问题，本文提出了一种基于随机地震地面运动模型、混合模拟和声发射的方法。地震模型能够生成与特定地点分析相一致的合成地面运动。更详细地说，该系统由钢制细长储罐（即数值子结构）和通过螺栓法兰接头连接的管网（即物理子结构）组成。此外，为了监测管道的抗震性能并利用传感器技术，声发射传感器被放置在管道中。因此，使用声发射传感器获取所研究系统的实时声发射信号。此外，除了地震事件外，还对物理子结构施加了严重的单调载荷。因此，研究了每个关键部件的变形水平；声发射信号的处理提供了更深入的分析部件损坏情况。