Chemoresistance is a complex phenomenon responsible for failure in response to chemotherapy agents and more than 90% of deaths in cancer patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as a subgroup of non-coding RNAs with lengths between 21 and 25 nucleotides, are involved in various cancer processes like chemoresistance via interacting with their target mRNAs and suppressing their expression. Autophagy is a greatly conserved procedure involving the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic contents and organelles to deal with environmental stresses like hypoxia and starvation. Autophagy contributes to response to chemotherapy agents: autophagy can act as a protective mechanism for mediating the resistance in response to chemotherapy or can induce autophagic cell death and mediate the sensitivity to chemotherapy. On the other hand, one of the processes targeted by microRNAs in the regulation of chemoresistance is autophagy. Hence, we studied the literatures on chemoresistance mechanisms, the miRNAs’ role in cancer, and the miRNAs’ role in chemoresistance by modulating autophagy.

化学抗性是一种复杂的现象，导致对化学治疗药物的反应失败，并导致癌症患者90％以上的死亡。微小RNA（miRNA）是长度为21至25个核苷酸的非编码RNA的子集，它通过与靶标mRNA相互作用并抑制其表达而参与了多种化学过程，例如化学抗性。自噬是一种高度保守的方法，涉及溶酶体降解细胞质内容物和细胞器以处理诸如缺氧和饥饿之类的环境胁迫。自噬有助于对化学治疗剂的反应：自噬可以作为介导对化学疗法产生抗性的保护机制，或者可以诱导自噬细胞死亡并介导对化学疗法的敏感性。另一方面，自噬是microRNA靶向调控化学抗性的过程之一。因此，我们通过调节自噬作用研究了化学抗性机制，miRNA在癌症中的作用以及miRNA在化学抗性中的文献。