End-use electrical loads in residential and commercial buildings are evolving into flexible and cost-effective resources to improve electric grid reliability, reduce costs, and support increased hosting of distributed renewable generation. This article reviews the simulation of utility services delivered by buildings for the purpose of electric grid operational modeling. We consider services delivered to (1) the high-voltage bulk power system through the coordinated action of many, distributed building loads working together, and (2) targeted support provided to the operation of low-voltage electric distribution grids. Although an exhaustive exploration is not possible, we emphasize the ancillary services and voltage management buildings can provide and summarize the gaps in our ability to simulate them with traditional building energy modeling (BEM) tools, suggesting pathways for future research and development.

住宅和商业建筑中的最终用电负荷正在演变为灵活且具有成本效益的资源，以提高电网可靠性，降低成本并支持分布式可再生能源发电的托管。本文回顾了为电网运行建模而由建筑物提供的公用事业服务的仿真。我们考虑通过许多共同分布的分布式建筑负荷的协同作用，为（1）高压大容量电力系统提供的服务，以及（2）为低压配电网的运行提供有针对性的支持。尽管不可能进行详尽的探索，