The distribution of the longitudes of solar flares associated with the high-energy proton events called ground level events (GLEs) can be approximated by a Gaussian with a peak at ∼W60, with a full range from ∼E90 to ∼W150. The longitudes of flares associated with the top third (24 of 72) of GLEs in terms of their >430 MeV fluences ( F 430 ) are primarily distributed over E20–W100 with a skew toward disk center. This 120° span in longitude is comparable to the latitudinal spans of powerful coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from limb flares. Only 5 of 24 strong GLEs are located within the W40–80 zone of good magnetic connection to Earth. GLEs with hard spectra, i.e., a spectral index SI 30/200 (= log( F 30 / F 200 )) < 1.5, also tend to avoid W40–80 source regions. Three-fourths of such events (16 of 21) arise in flares outside this range. The above tendencies favor a CME-driven shock source over a flare-resident accelera...

中文翻译：

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高能质子耀斑的太阳经度分布：注量和光谱

与高能质子事件相关的太阳耀斑的经度分布被称为地平面事件（GLE），可以通过一个高斯分布来近似，其峰值在〜W60左右，范围从〜E90到〜W150。与GLE的前三分之一（72个中的24个）相关的耀斑的经度，以其大于430 MeV的通量（F 430）而言，主要分布在E20-W100上，并且偏向磁盘中心。经度的120度跨度与肢体耀斑产生的强大日冕物质抛射（CME）的纬向跨度相当。W40-80区域内24个强GLE中只有5个与地球的磁连接良好。具有硬光谱的GLE，即光谱指数SI 30/200（= log（F 30 / F 200））<1.5，也倾向于避开W40–80的源区域。此类事件的四分之三（21中的16）发生在此范围之外的耀斑中。