The fruits of P. macrocarpa have long been used as a traditional Malay medicinal herb for hundreds of years. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in rats confirmed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa (EEPM) fruits at 100 and 200 mg/kg were given orally for 35 days, glibenclamide. In total, 0.5 mg/kg served as a positive control. The present toxicity study suggests that the EEPM fruits are non-toxic. In an OGTT, the EEPM at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg and glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level (hyperglycemia due to glucose load 2 g/kg p.o.) significantly after 2 h of oral administration, when compared to the diabetic control. Repeated oral administration of EEPM daily for up to 35 days exhibited significant antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control. At the end of 35 days of treatment, the 200 mg/kg (EEPM) dose was found to be more effective than the 100 and 50 mg/kg (EEPM) doses and blood glucose levels decreased from 392.66 ± 3.20 to 174.33 ± 4.32 mg/dl (p ˂ 0.01). In contrast, on day 35, the blood glucose levels of the normal control, drug control, and diabetic control were 132.16 ± 5.79, 134.33 ± 7.18 (p ˂ 0.01), and 514.83 ± 7.96 respectively. From histology analysis, the pancreases of the diabetic control were granulated and dilated islet cells, whereas in the drug control they appeared granulated, without dilation and important hyper plasticity of islets. The treatment groups (EEPM 100 and 200 mg/kg) also showed granulated pancreatic islets and prominent hyper plasticity islets. Light micrographs in various regions of rat kidney tissue from the treatment groups showed absence of matrix expansion and glomerular basement membrane thickening, suggesting it became normal histoarchitecture of the renal. Biochemical aspects in treating animals’ all serum analytic parameters were almost similar to the drug control group with the exception of the 50 mg/kg treatment group. In this way, it may also serve as a good alternative in the present armamentarium of antidiabetic drugs.

中文翻译：

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山茱。乙醇果提取物对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠的抗糖尿病作用

P. macrocarpa的果实长期以来一直被用作传统的马来草药。经口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）证实，腹膜内（ip）注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）（65 mg / kg）可诱发大鼠糖尿病。口服给予甘草（EEPM）果实的乙醇提取物，分别为100和200 mg / kg，持续35天，格列本脲。总计0.5 mg / kg作为阳性对照。目前的毒性研究表明，EEPM果实无毒。在OGTT中，当口服2小时后，EEPM分别为50、100和200 mg / kg和格列苯脲（0.5 mg / kg）显着降低血糖水平（由于葡萄糖负荷2 g / kg po引起的高血糖）。与糖尿病对照相比。与糖尿病对照组相比，每天反复口服EEPM长达35天在STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠中显示出显着的抗糖尿病活性。在治疗35天结束时，发现200 mg / kg（EEPM）剂量比100和50 mg / kg（EEPM）剂量更有效，血糖水平从392.66±3.20降至174.33±4.32 mg / dl（p˂0.01）。相反，在第35天，正常对照，药物对照和糖尿病对照的血糖水平分别为132.16±5.79、134.33±7.18（p˂0.01）和514.83±7.96。从组织学分析来看，糖尿病对照的胰脏是颗粒状的和膨胀的胰岛细胞，而在药物对照中，它们却是颗粒状的，没有膨胀和胰岛的重要的超塑性。治疗组（EEPM 100和200 mg / kg）也显示出颗粒状的胰岛和突出的高可塑性胰岛。来自治疗组的大鼠肾脏组织各个区域的光学显微照片显示，没有基质扩张和肾小球基底膜增厚，表明它已成为正常的肾脏组织结构。除50 mg / kg治疗组外，治疗动物所有血清分析参数的生化方面与药物对照组几乎相似。这样，它也可以作为目前抗糖尿病药的良好替代品。提示它已成为正常的肾脏组织结构。除50 mg / kg治疗组外，治疗动物所有血清分析参数的生化方面与药物对照组几乎相似。这样，它也可以作为目前抗糖尿病药的良好替代品。提示它已成为正常的肾脏组织结构。除50 mg / kg治疗组外，治疗动物所有血清分析参数的生化方面与药物对照组几乎相似。这样，它也可以作为目前抗糖尿病药的良好替代品。