With the development of estimation algorithms for polarisation sensitive array (PSA) parameters, research has been focused on complete/incomplete electromagnetic vector sensor (EMVS) that is mainly based on electrically ‘short’ dipoles and/or electrically ‘small’ circular loops. Recently, electrically ‘long’ dipoles and electrically ‘large’ circular loops are further preferred and have been proposed to utilise more efficiently radiation characteristics. However, almost all available such EMVSs are only composed of either long dipoles or large circular loops. To sufficiently utilise relevant electromagnetic information, in this study an electrically ‘large’ EMVS is proposed, which is composed of a triad of long dipoles and a triad of large circular loops, co-located, and orthogonally oriented. With formulated array manifold of the proposed EMVS, a close-form algorithm is developed to estimate an incident source's azimuth-elevation direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarisation simultaneously without prior knowledge, and verified that its estimation accuracy is closely approaching corresponding to Cramér-Rao Bound. It is demonstrated that when with inaccurate prior knowledge, the proposed algorithm has better performance than existing algorithms that were designed for the incomplete EMVS with either long dipoles or large loops. Finally, simulation results also show that with increased electrical size of the EMVS, the estimation accuracy is significantly improved.

中文翻译：

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电大而完整的电磁矢量传感器的DOA与极化联合估计新算法

随着极化敏感阵列（PSA）参数估计算法的发展，研究集中在主要基于电“短”偶极子和/或电“小”圆环的完整/不完整电磁矢量传感器（EMVS）上。近来，电“长”偶极子和电“大”圆环是进一步优选的，并且已经提出以更有效地利用辐射特性。但是，几乎所有可用的此类EMVS都仅由长偶极子或大型圆形回路组成。为了充分利用相关的电磁信息，在这项研究中，提出了一种电气上的“大型” EMVS，该系统由一个长偶极子三元组和一个大圆环的三元组组成，它们位于同一位置并正交。利用拟议的EMVS的阵列歧管，在没有先验知识的情况下，开发了一种近似形式的算法来同时估计入射源的方位角高程到达方向和极化，并验证了其估计精度与Cramér-RaoBound相近。结果表明，在不了解先验知识的情况下，与为长偶极子或大环不完整EMVS设计的现有算法相比，所提出的算法具有更好的性能。最后，仿真结果还表明，随着EMVS电气尺寸的增加，估计精度显着提高。并验证了其估计精度接近Cramér-RaoBound。结果表明，在不了解先验知识的情况下，与为长偶极子或大环不完整EMVS设计的现有算法相比，所提出的算法具有更好的性能。最后，仿真结果还表明，随着EMVS电气尺寸的增加，估计精度显着提高。并验证了其估计精度接近Cramér-RaoBound。结果表明，在不准确的先验知识的情况下，与为长偶极子或大环路的不完整EMVS设计的现有算法相比，所提出的算法具有更好的性能。最后，仿真结果还表明，随着EMVS电气尺寸的增加，估计精度显着提高。