Background. Oil-tea Camellia is a very important edible oil plant widely distributed in southern China. Tea oil extracted from the oil-tea Camellia seeds is beneficial to health and is considered as a health edible oil. We attempt to identify genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis in an oil-tea Camellia seed kernel, generated a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the seed kernel at different developmental stages, and explore optimal picking time of fruit. Material and Methods. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to detect the content of various fatty acids in samples. Transcriptome analysis was performed to detect gene dynamics and corresponding functions. Results. Multiple phenotypic data were counted in detail, including the oil content, oleic acid content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, fruit weight, fruit height, fruit diameter, single seed weight, seed length, and seed width in different developmental stages, which indicate that a majority of indicators increased with the development of oil-tea Camellia. The transcriptomics was conducted to perform a comprehensive and system-level view on dynamic gene expression networks for different developmental stages. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis of XL106 (the 6 time points) and XL210 (8 time points) was performed to screen related fatty acid (FA) gene set, from which 1041 candidate genes related to FA were selected in XL106 and 202 related genes were screened in XL210 based on GO and KEGG enrichment. Then, candidate genes and trait dataset were combined to conduct correlation analysis, and 10 genes were found to be strongly connected with several key traits. Conclusions. The multiple phenotypic data revealed the dynamic law of changes during the picking stage. Transcriptomic analysis identified a large number of potential key regulatory factors that can control the oil content of dried kernels, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, fresh seed rate, and kernel-to-seed ratio, thereby providing a new insight into the molecular networks underlying the picking stage of oil-tea Camellia, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimal fruit picking point.

中文翻译：

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全球转录组和相关性分析揭示了与油茶 Abel 果实发育和脂肪酸测定相关的品种特异性分子特征。

背景。油茶油茶是我国南方地区广泛分布的一种非常重要的食用油植物。从油茶种子中提取的茶油对健康有益，被认为是一种健康食用油。我们试图在油茶籽仁中鉴定与脂肪酸生物合成相关的基因，对不同发育阶段的籽仁进行全面的转录组分析，并探索果实的最佳采摘时间。材料和方法。采用气相色谱-质谱仪检测样品中各种脂肪酸的含量。进行转录组分析以检测基因动力学和相应的功能。结果. 详细统计了不同发育阶段的含油量、油酸含量、亚油酸含量、亚麻酸含量、单果重、果高、果径、单粒重、粒长、粒宽等多项表型数据，表明大部分指标随着油茶油茶的发展而增加。进行转录组学以对不同发育阶段的动态基因表达网络进行全面的系统级视图。对XL106（6个时间点）和XL210（8个时间点）进行Short Time-series Expression Miner（STEM）分析，筛选相关脂肪酸（FA）基因组，从中筛选出1041个与FA相关的候选基因在XL106中并基于GO和KEGG富集在XL210中筛选出202个相关基因。然后，结论。多个表型数据揭示了采摘阶段的动态变化规律。转录组学分析确定了大量潜在的关键调控因素，这些因素可以控制干籽粒的含油量、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、鲜籽率和籽粒比，从而为分子生物学提供新的见解。油茶采摘阶段的潜在网络，为最佳采摘点提供理论依据。