Data collection by satellites during and after a natural disaster is of great significance. In this work, a reconfigurable satellite constellation is designed for disaster monitoring, and satellites in the constellation are made to fly directly overhead of the disaster site through orbital transfer. By analyzing the space geometry relations between satellite orbit and an arbitrary disaster site, a mathematical model for orbital transfer and overhead monitoring is established. Due to the unpredictability of disasters, target sites evenly spaced on the Earth are considered as all possible disaster scenarios, and the optimal reconfigurable constellation is designed with the intention to minimize total velocity increment, maximum and mean reconfiguration time, and standard deviation of reconfiguration times for all target sites. To deal with this multiobjective optimization, a physical programming method together with a genetic algorithm is employed. Numerical results are obtained through the optimization, and different observation modes of the reconfigurable constellation are analyzed by a specific case. Superiority of our design is demonstrated by comparing with the existing literature, and excellent observation performance of the reconfigurable constellation is demonstrated.

中文翻译：

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使用物理编程的可重构卫星星座设计，用于灾害监测

在自然灾害期间和之后通过卫星收集数据具有重要意义。在这项工作中，为灾难监视设计了可重新配置的卫星星座，并通过轨道转移使星座中的卫星直接飞越灾难现场。通过分析卫星轨道与任意灾区之间的空间几何关系，建立了轨道转移和架空监测的数学模型。由于灾难的不可预测性，将均匀分布在地球上的目标站点视为所有可能的灾难情况，并且设计了最佳的可重构星座图，旨在最大程度地减少总速度增量，最大和平均重构时间以及重构时间的标准偏差适用于所有目标网站。为了应对这种多目标优化，采用了一种物理编程方法以及一种遗传算法。通过优化获得了数值结果，并根据具体情况分析了可重构星座图的不同观察模式。通过与现有文献进行比较证明了我们设计的优越性，并且证明了可重构星座图的出色观察性能。