Genetic diversity is critically important for all species- domesticated and wild- to adapt to environmental change, and for ecosystem resilience to extreme events. International agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have committed to conserve and sustainably and equitably use all levels of biodiversity- genes, species and ecosystems- globally. However, assessment and monitoring of genetic diversity are often overlooked, and there are large knowledge and policy gaps regarding genetic diversity conservation. In this study, we present the first quantitative analysis of genetic diversity assessments conducted by Parties to the CBD. We conducted a detailed, systematic analysis of 114 CBD 5th (submitted 2014) and 6th (submitted 2018) National Reports to quantitatively assess actions, progress on targets, values and indicators related to genetic diversity. First, we found that the importance of genetic diversity is recognised by most Parties to the CBD, and that recognition increased over time. However, genetic targets mainly addressed genetic diversity within cultivated plants, farm animals, and crop wild relatives, with little focus on other wild species. Also, actions for conserving genetic diversity primarily concerned ex-situ facilities and policy, rather than monitoring and intervention for maintaining genetic diversity in situ. The most commonly used indicators of genetic diversity status were the number of genetic resources in conservation facilities, number of threatened breeds, and Red List Index, which are not well correlated to genetic erosion in most species -- highlighting that genetic change is poorly monitored by current indicators. Lastly, analyses of genetic data observations, indigenous use and knowledge of genetic diversity, and strategies being developed and implemented to conserve genetic diversity are highly under-reported. We make several recommendations for the post-2020 CBD Biodiversity Framework to improve awareness, assessment, and monitoring, and facilitate consistent and complete reporting of progress of genetic diversity in future National Reports.

中文翻译：

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对《生物多样性公约》的114份国家报告中的遗传多样性行动，指标和目标的分析

遗传多样性对于驯化和野生的所有物种适应环境变化以及生态系统对极端事件的适应力至关重要。诸如《生物多样性公约》（CBD）之类的国际协议已承诺在全球范围内保护和可持续合理地利用生物多样性的各个层面，包括基因，物种和生态系统。但是，经常忽视对遗传多样性的评估和监测，并且在遗传多样性保护方面存在着巨大的知识和政策空白。在这项研究中，我们介绍了《生物多样性公约》缔约方进行的遗传多样性评估的首次定量分析。我们对114个《生物多样性公约》第五次（2014年提交）和第六次（2018年提交）国家报告进行了详细，系统的分析，以定量评估行动，目标进度，与遗传多样性有关的价值和指标。首先，我们发现，《生物多样性公约》的大多数缔约方都认识到遗传多样性的重要性，而且这种认识随着时间的推移而增加。但是，遗传目标主要针对栽培植物，农场动物和农作物野生近缘种内的遗传多样性，而很少关注其他野生物种。此外，保护遗传多样性的行动主要涉及非原生境设施和政策，而不是监测和干预以维持原位遗传多样性。遗传多样性状态最常用的指标是保护设施中遗传资源的数量，受威胁品种的数量和红色名录指数，这些指数与大多数物种的遗传侵蚀并没有很好的相关性。当前指标。最后，报告的遗传数据观测结果分析，土著利用和遗传多样性知识分析以及为保护遗传多样性而正在制定和实施的战略被严重低估。我们为2020年后的《生物多样性公约》生物多样性框架提出了几项建议，以提高人们的认识，评估和监测，并促进在未来的《国家报告》中一致，完整地报告遗传多样性的进展。