Enhancing the proactive strategic capabilities to withstand the most unfavourable circumstances is always appreciated as a long-term policy rather than incident-based responses. The present research is positioned on this fundamental notion of supply chain risk management with a particular focus on strategic capabilities like reliability and flexibility that often conflict with cost. Accordingly, the authors propose a multi-objective mathematical model for designing a four-echelon supply chain that optimises cost, reliability, and volume flexibility. Interestingly, this research is the maiden effort to optimise the supply chain with these trifold objectives and herein lies the novelty as well as the challenges. Consequently, a genetic algorithm based approach is utilised as the solution methodology. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the small problem instances and the four-echelon problems have also been validated through exact methods and simulated annealing algorithm, respectively. A case study on a footwear supply chain involving three echelons is also presented to showcase the industrial applicability and adaptability of the proposed model. A fuzzy TOPSIS method has been adopted in the case study to incorporate the expert opinion for assigning priorities to the objectives. Supply chain professionals can leverage this methodology to establish a risk resistant supply chain.

增强主动战略能力以抵御最不利的情况总是被视为一项长期政策，而不是基于事件的响应。目前的研究定位于供应链风险管理的这一基本概念，特别关注通常与成本冲突的可靠性和灵活性等战略能力。因此，作者提出了一个多目标数学模型，用于设计优化成本、可靠性和批量灵活性的四梯队供应链。有趣的是，这项研究是通过这些三重目标优化供应链的首次尝试，其中既有新颖性，也有挑战。因此，基于遗传算法的方法被用作解决方法。为了证明所提出方法的有效性，还分别通过精确方法和模拟退火算法对小问题实例和四梯队问题进行了验证。还介绍了涉及三个梯队的鞋类供应链的案例研究，以展示所提出模型的工业适用性和适应性。案例研究中采用了模糊 TOPSIS 方法，以结合专家意见来为目标分配优先级。供应链专业人士可以利用这种方法来建立抗风险的供应链。还介绍了涉及三个梯队的鞋类供应链的案例研究，以展示所提出模型的工业适用性和适应性。案例研究中采用了模糊 TOPSIS 方法，以结合专家意见来为目标分配优先级。供应链专业人士可以利用这种方法来建立抗风险的供应链。还介绍了涉及三个梯队的鞋类供应链的案例研究，以展示所提出模型的工业适用性和适应性。案例研究中采用了模糊 TOPSIS 方法，以结合专家意见来为目标分配优先级。供应链专业人士可以利用这种方法来建立抗风险的供应链。