Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major pathogen of the human respiratory tract, where the virus coexists and interacts with bacterial populations comprising the respiratory tract microbiome. Synergies between IAV and respiratory bacterial pathogens promote enhanced inflammation and disease burden that exacerbate morbidity and mortality. We demonstrate that direct interactions between IAV and encapsulated bacteria commonly found in the respiratory tract promote environmental stability and infectivity of IAV. Antibiotic-mediated depletion of the respiratory bacterial flora abrogated IAV transmission in ferret models, indicating that these virus-bacterium interactions are operative for airborne transmission of IAV. Restoring IAV airborne transmission in antibiotic-treated ferrets by coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae confirmed a role for specific members of the bacterial respiratory community in promoting IAV transmission. These results implicate a role for the bacterial respiratory flora in promoting airborne transmission of IAV.

中文翻译：

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呼吸道细菌稳定并促进甲型流感病毒的空气传播。

甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 是人类呼吸道的主要病原体，该病毒与构成呼吸道微生物群的细菌群共存并相互作用。IAV 和呼吸道细菌病原体之间的协同作用促进炎症和疾病负担加重，从而加剧发病率和死亡率。我们证明了 IAV 和呼吸道中常见的包裹细菌之间的直接相互作用促进了 IAV 的环境稳定性和传染性。在雪貂模型中，抗生素介导的呼吸道细菌群落消除了 IAV 传播，表明这些病毒-细菌相互作用对 IAV 的空气传播有效。通过与肺炎链球菌共感染恢复抗生素治疗雪貂的 IAV 空气传播证实了细菌呼吸群落的特定成员在促进 IAV 传播中的作用。这些结果暗示呼吸道细菌菌群在促进 IAV 空气传播中的作用。