Animals initiate, interrupt, or invest resources in reproduction in light of their physiology and the environment. The energetic risks entailed in an individual’s reproductive strategy can influence the ability to cope with additional stressors, such as anthropogenic climate change and disturbance. To explore the trade-offs between internal state, external resource availability, and reproduction, we applied state-dependent life-history theory (SDLHT) to a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model for long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas). We investigated the reproductive strategies emerging from the interplay between fitness maximization and propensity to take energetic risks, as well as the resulting susceptibility of individual vital rates to disturbance. Without disturbance, facultative reproductive behavior from SDLHT and fixed rules in the DEB model led to comparable individual fitness. However, under disturbance, the reproductive strategies emerging from SDLHT increased vulnerability to energetic risks, resulting in lower fitness than fixed rules. These fragile strategies might therefore be unlikely to evolve in the first place. Heterogeneous resource availability favored more cautious (and thus more robust) strategies, particularly when knowledge of resource variation was accurate. Our results demonstrate that the assumptions regarding the dynamic trade-offs underlying an individual’s decision-making can have important consequences for predicting the effects of anthropogenic stressors on wildlife populations.

中文翻译：

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生殖策略中的风险倾向会影响人为干扰。

动物会根据其生理和环境来启动，中断或投入资源进行繁殖。一个人的生殖策略带来的精力充沛的风险可能会影响其应对其他压力源的能力，例如人为的气候变化和干扰。为了探索内部状态，外部资源可用性和繁殖之间的权衡，我们将状态依赖的生命历史理论（SDLHT）应用于长鳍鲸鱼（Globicephala melas）的动态能量预算（DEB）模型）。我们研究了适应性最大化和冒险倾向之间相互作用所产生的生殖策略，以及由此产生的个体生命率易受干扰的敏感性。在没有干扰的情况下，来自SDLHT的兼性生殖行为和DEB模型中的固定规则导致可比的个体适应度。但是，在动荡的情况下，SDLHT产生的生殖策略增加了对精力充沛的风险的脆弱性，导致适应性低于固定规则。因此，这些脆弱的策略最初可能不太可能发展。异构资源可用性倾向于更谨慎（因此更可靠）的策略，尤其是在对资源变化的知识准确的情况下。