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Man's impact on the transformation of channel patterns (the Skawa River, southern Poland)
River Research and Applications ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1002/rra.3702
Karol Witkowski 1
Affiliation  

The research objective was to answer the question, how and why have the patterns of the channels of the lower course of the Skawa River changed over the past 200 years? This problem is important in the context of contemporary waterway construction plans in Poland. Overall, this study shows the effects of natural restoration in the event of the destruction of bank protections. The Skawa River is a mountain tributary of the Vistula River (southern Poland). In the first step, the channels were classified in the period from the 19th to the 21st centuries. In the second step, it was checked how channelization, water damming, gravel mining, embankment construction, changes in the forest area and channel incision, determined the change of the channel patterns. There were four periods in the functioning of the Skawa riverbed. In the first period (before 1901), the reaches of a natural riverbed were sinuous, braiding, or anabranching. In the second period (1901–1943), the riverbed was completely channelized. In the third period (1943–2003), the riverbed had artificial, braiding, and sinuous reaches. In the fourth period (after 2003), the riverbed had high energy anabranching and sinuous reaches. This study shows that man led to the transformation of the Skawa River channel due to the building of the network of navigable canals and rivers. This study shows how various factors can determine changes in the channel pattern, and that the destruction of bank protections enables natural restoration and forming the braided or anabranching channel pattern.

中文翻译:

人类对航道模式转换的影响(波兰南部的川河)

研究目的是回答这样一个问题:在过去的200年中,Skawa河下游河道的格局如何以及为什么发生了变化?在波兰当代水路建设计划中,这个问题很重要。总体而言,这项研究显示了在破坏银行保护措施的情况下自然恢复的影响。Skawa河是维斯瓦河(波兰南部)的山区支流。第一步,在19世纪至21世纪期间对渠道进行分类。在第二步中,检查了渠道化,注水,砾石开采,堤防建设,森林面积的变化和河道切口如何确定河道模式的变化。Skawa河床的运行有四个时期。在第一个时期(1901年之前),天然河床的河段呈曲折状,辫状或分支状。在第二个时期(1901-1943年),河床被完全渠化。在第三时期(1943-2003年),河床有人工,编织和弯曲的河段。在第四阶段(2003年之后),河床有高能量的蓄水和弯曲的河段。这项研究表明,由于可通航的运河和河流网络的建设,人类导致了Skawa河道的转变。这项研究表明了各种因素如何决定通道模式的变化,以及堤岸保护的破坏使自然恢复并形成了编织的或分支的通道模式。河床完全被渠化了。在第三时期(1943-2003年),河床有人工,编织和弯曲的河段。在第四阶段(2003年之后),河床有高能量的蓄水和弯曲的河段。这项研究表明,由于可通航的运河和河流网络的建设,人类导致了Skawa河道的转变。这项研究表明了各种因素如何决定通道模式的变化,以及堤岸保护的破坏使自然恢复并形成了编织的或分支的通道模式。河床完全被渠化了。在第三时期(1943-2003年),河床有人工,编织和弯曲的河段。在第四阶段(2003年之后),河床有高能量的蓄水和弯曲的河段。这项研究表明,由于可通航的运河和河流网络的建设,人类导致了Skawa河道的转变。这项研究表明了各种因素如何决定通道模式的变化,以及堤岸保护的破坏使自然恢复并形成了编织的或分支的通道模式。这项研究表明,由于可通航的运河和河流网络的建设,人类导致了Skawa河道的转变。这项研究表明了各种因素如何决定通道模式的变化,以及堤岸保护的破坏使自然恢复并形成了编织的或分支的通道模式。这项研究表明,由于可通航的运河和河流网络的建设,人类导致了Skawa河道的转变。这项研究表明了各种因素如何决定通道模式的变化,以及堤岸保护的破坏使自然恢复并形成了编织的或分支的通道模式。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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