Ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBS) are glasses (>99%) of the CaO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2 compositional system and are widely used as supplementary cementitious materials. Differences in reactivity of GGBS were screened by modifying the content of 11 minor elements (namely Ba, Ce, Cs, Cr, Mn, P, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, Zr). SEM observations showed that most elements entered the silicate glass matrix, only Sn was reduced to its metallic form and P accumulated in minor minerals. Mortar strength tests showed that 2d-compressive strength was reduced by > 50% for a TiO 2 content of 2.5 wt.% in the slag. At 28 days the loss in compressive strength was still > 40%. Calorimetric tests on other element additions showed that network modifiers (Ba, Cs and Sr) and GGBS reactivity are positively correlated, whereas Ce, Cr, V and Zr significantly decreased reactivity. It is shown that these effects can be well estimated by the weighted field strength of the added element.

中文翻译：

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TiO 2 和10微量元素对混合水泥中磨碎的粒状高炉矿渣（GGBS）反应性的影响

磨碎的粒状高炉矿渣 (GGBS) 是 CaO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2 组成体系的玻璃 (>99%)，广泛用作补充胶凝材料。通过修改 11 种微量元素（即 Ba、Ce、Cs、Cr、Mn、P、Sn、Sr、Ti、V、Zr）的含量来筛选 GGBS 反应性的差异。SEM 观察表明，大多数元素进入了硅酸盐玻璃基质，只有 Sn 被还原为金属形式，而 P 在少量矿物中积累。砂浆强度测试表明，对于渣中 2.5 wt.% 的 TiO 2 含量，2d 抗压强度降低了 > 50%。在第 28 天时，抗压强度的损失仍 > 40%。对其他元素添加的量热测试表明，网络改性剂（Ba、Cs 和 Sr）与 GGBS 反应性呈正相关，而 Ce、Cr、V 和 Zr 显着降低了反应性。结果表明，通过添加元素的加权场强可以很好地估计这些影响。