A biostimulation study was conducted on mining waste residue with nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and/or liming agent (ash or CaCO3 ) amendment to assess petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) biodegradation efficiency by indigenous microorganisms. Compounds accumulated and/or released by treated samples were also monitored to determine the potential for acid mine drainage production during biostimulation. The potential for natural attenuation (i.e., the biodegradation of PHC contamination) was initially low but increased significantly upon nutrient addition. The best results were obtained when nutrient addition was coupled with the addition of a liming agent, notably CaCO3 , which contributed to maintaining near-neutral pH values. In fact, during treatment without a liming agent, pH decreased due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals, resulting in acid mine drainage production with increased metals released into sample leachates. Sulfur- and iron-oxidizing bacteria were detected primarily in samples not amended with liming agents, and the predominant organisms were affiliated with Acidithiobacillus spp. and Acidiphilium spp. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated that amendment with a liming agent when treating PHC-contaminated mining waste residue contributes to maintaining a pH close to neutrality, mitigates sulfate release, and reduces the release of metals without negatively affecting the activity of PHC degraders.

中文翻译：

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石油烃污染采矿废物的生物可处理性增强，同时酸液生产减弱

对含有营养物（氮和磷）和/或石灰剂（灰分或 CaCO3）的采矿废渣进行了生物刺激研究，以评估原生微生物对石油烃 (PHC) 的生物降解效率。还监测处理样品积累和/或释放的化合物，以确定在生物刺激过程中产生酸性矿井排水的潜力。自然衰减的可能性（即 PHC 污染的生物降解）最初很低，但在添加养分后显着增加。当营养物添加与石灰剂（特别是 CaCO3）的添加相结合时，可获得最佳结果，这有助于维持接近中性的 pH 值。事实上，在没有石灰剂的处理过程中，由于硫化物矿物的氧化，pH值下降，导致酸性矿山排水生产，释放到样品渗滤液中的金属增加。硫和铁氧化细菌主要在未用石灰剂修饰的样品中检测到，主要生物体属于酸硫杆菌属。和嗜酸菌属。总体而言，本研究的结果表明，在处理受 PHC 污染的采矿废渣时，使用石灰剂进行修正有助于保持 pH 值接近中性，减轻硫酸盐释放，并减少金属的释放，而不会对 PHC 降解剂的活性产生负面影响. 并且主要的生物体隶属于酸硫杆菌属。和嗜酸菌属。总体而言，本研究的结果表明，在处理受 PHC 污染的采矿废渣时，使用石灰剂进行修正有助于保持 pH 值接近中性，减轻硫酸盐释放，并减少金属的释放，而不会对 PHC 降解剂的活性产生负面影响. 并且主要的生物体隶属于酸硫杆菌属。和嗜酸菌属。总体而言，本研究的结果表明，在处理受 PHC 污染的采矿废渣时，使用石灰剂进行修正有助于保持 pH 值接近中性，减轻硫酸盐释放，并减少金属的释放，而不会对 PHC 降解剂的活性产生负面影响.