An influential paradigm in coral reef ecology is that fishing causes trophic cascades through reef fish assemblages, resulting in reduced herbivory and thus benthic phase shifts from coral to algal dominance. Few long‐term field tests exist of how fishing affects the trophic structure of coral reef fish assemblages, and how such changes affect the benthos. Alternatively, benthic change itself may drive the trophic structure of reef fish assemblages. Reef fish trophic structure and benthic cover were quantified almost annually from 1983 to 2014 at two small Philippine islands (Apo, Sumilon). At each island a No‐Take Marine Reserve (NTMR) site and a site open to subsistence reef fishing were monitored. Thirteen trophic groups were identified. Large planktivores often accounted for >50% of assemblage biomass. Significant NTMR effects were detected at each island for total fish biomass, but for only 2 of 13 trophic components: generalist large predators and large planktivores. Fishing‐induced changes in biomass of these components had no effect on live hard coral (HC) cover. In contrast, HC cover affected biomass of 11 of 13 trophic components significantly. Positive associations with HC cover were detected for total fish biomass, generalist large predators, piscivores, obligate coral feeders, large planktivores, and small planktivores. Negative associations with HC cover were detected for large benthic foragers, detritivores, excavators, scrapers, and sand feeders. These associations of fish biomass to HC cover were most clear when environmental disturbances (e.g., coral bleaching, typhoons) reduced HC cover, often quickly (1–2 yr), and when HC recovered, often slowly (5–10 yr). As HC cover changed, the biomass of 11 trophic components of the fish assemblage changed. Benthic and fish assemblages were distinct at all sites from the outset, remaining so for 31 yr, despite differences in fishing pressure and disturbance history. HC cover alone explained ~30% of the variability in reef fish trophic structure, whereas fishing alone explained 24%. Furthermore, HC cover affected more trophic groups more strongly than fishing. Management of coral reefs must include measures to maintain coral reef habitats, not just measures to reduce fishing by NTMRs.

中文翻译：

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与捕鱼相比，珊瑚覆盖了珊瑚礁鱼类营养生物质的更强驱动力。

珊瑚礁生态学的一个影响范式是，捕捞会通过珊瑚礁鱼类的聚集而引起营养级联反应，从而减少草食性，从而使底栖生物相从珊瑚到藻类占主导地位。很少有关于捕捞如何影响珊瑚礁鱼群的营养结构以及这种变化如何影响底栖生物的长期现场测试。另外，底栖变化本身可能会驱动礁鱼组合的营养结构。从1983年至2014年，几乎每年对两个菲律宾小岛（阿波，苏米隆）的珊瑚鱼营养结构和底栖生物进行定量。在每个岛屿上，都监视了不准捕捞海洋保护区（NTMR）场所和开放给自给性暗礁捕鱼的场所。确定了13个营养组。大型浮游动物通常占组合生物量的50％以上。在每个岛屿上，总鱼类生物量均检测到显着的NTMR效应，但仅在13种营养成分中有2种：通体大型捕食者和大型浮游动物。捕鱼引起的这些成分生物量的变化对活的硬珊瑚（HC）覆盖率没有影响。相反，HC显着覆盖了13个营养成分中11个的生物量。鱼类总生物量，多用途大型捕食者，食肉动物，专性珊瑚饲养者，大型浮游动物和小型浮游动物均与HC覆盖呈正相关。对于大型底栖觅食者，碎屑，挖掘机，刮板和给沙机，发现与HC覆盖呈负相关。当环境干扰（例如，珊瑚白化，台风）降低了HC覆盖率时（通常为1-2年），这些鱼类生物量与HC覆盖率之间的关联最为明显。当HC恢复时，通常很慢（5-10年）。随着HC覆盖率的变化，鱼群中11种营养成分的生物量也发生了变化。尽管捕捞压力和干扰历史有所不同，但从一开始，所有地点的底栖动物和鱼类组合都不同，这种情况持续了31年。HC覆盖量单独解释了礁鱼营养结构变异的〜30％，而单独捕鱼解释了24％。此外，比起捕鱼，HC覆盖对更多营养群体的影响更大。珊瑚礁的管理必须包括维护珊瑚礁栖息地的措施，而不仅仅是减少NTMR捕鱼的措施。尽管捕鱼压力和干扰历史有所不同。HC覆盖量单独解释了礁鱼营养结构变异的〜30％，而单独捕鱼解释了24％。此外，比起捕鱼，HC覆盖对更多营养群体的影响更大。珊瑚礁的管理必须包括维护珊瑚礁栖息地的措施，而不仅仅是减少NTMR捕鱼的措施。尽管捕鱼压力和干扰历史有所不同。HC覆盖量单独解释了礁鱼营养结构变异的〜30％，而单独捕鱼解释了24％。此外，比起捕鱼，HC覆盖对更多营养群体的影响更大。珊瑚礁的管理必须包括维护珊瑚礁栖息地的措施，而不仅仅是减少NTMR捕鱼的措施。