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Fréedericksz transition on a phenomenological model for a nematic inhomogeneous superfluid in presence of an electric field
Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.physd.2020.132705
Diego García Ovalle , Juan Pablo Borgna , Mariano De Leo

In this article we derive a Ginzburg–Landau energy functional for a nematic inhomogeneous superfluid in presence of an electric field. The molecules occupy an infinite cylinder Ω with cross section D. We suppose vacuum in R3Ω, with the possibility that an external electric field can be applied parallel to D. The Helmholtz free energy is obtained by taking the London limit of a Ginzburg–Landau nematic superconducting model in absence of magnetic fields, and by including an appropriate contribution of the electric potential energy. We show that the critical parameter inside Ω, which defines the Fréedericksz transition on the molecular alignment, is not only influenced by the effects of the electric field in the sample, but also by the additional contribution of the superfluid current. We take a particular solution for the Ginzburg–Landau equations, where the superfluid phase does not have circulation. Then, we demonstrate that the corresponding Fréedericksz threshold can be calculated, on an arbitrary domain, by using the notion of the first positive eigenvalue of the Laplacian. This eigenvalue depends on the chosen geometry and the boundary conditions on the nematic phase in the sample. Next, we apply our results in an infinite slab and in an infinite cylinder with circular cross section, where the nematic superfluid system is subjected to Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions in each case. We deduce a modified Fréedericksz threshold, for each configuration mentioned before, in a uniform electric field. In these instances we notice the remarkable fact that, for specific values and regimes of the intrinsic parameters, the critical fields are different than the ones obtained in the pure nematic case. Finally, we also study a Fréedericksz type threshold in a long hollow cylinder with uniform charge density, where molecules are reoriented by the electric field produced only by the internal charges of the sample. This setting suggests that, if molecules are oriented radially at the boundary of the region, a Fréedericksz type threshold appears in order to maintain the radial molecular distribution, which varies with the typical radii of the domain.



中文翻译:

电场存在下向列非均匀超流体的现象学模型上的Fréedericksz跃迁

在本文中,我们导出了存在电场时向列非均质超流体的Ginzburg-Landau能量函数。分子占据无限圆柱Ω 带截面 d。我们假设真空中[R3Ω,有可能平行于 d。亥姆霍兹自由能是通过在没有磁场的情况下采用Ginzburg-Landau向列超导模型的伦敦极限值以及适当地贡献势能而获得的。我们显示里面的关键参数Ω在分子排列中定义Fréedericksz跃迁的,不仅受样品中电场的影响,而且还受超流体电流的附加影响。对于Ginzburg-Landau方程,我们采用特殊的解决方案,其中超流体相没有循环。然后,我们证明可以通过使用拉普拉斯算子的第一个正特征值的概念在任意域上计算相应的Fréedericksz阈值。该特征值取决于样品中所选择的几何形状和向列相的边界条件。接下来,我们将结果应用到无限大的平板和具有圆形横截面的无限圆柱中,其中向列超流体系统在每种情况下都经受Dirichlet或Neumann边界条件。我们推导了在统一电场中针对前面提到的每种配置修改的Fréedericksz阈值。在这些情况下,我们注意到一个引人注目的事实,即对于固有参数的特定值和范围,临界场与纯向列情况下获得的临界场不同。最后,我们还研究了具有均匀电荷密度的长空心圆柱体中的Fréedericksz型阈值,其中分子通过仅由样品内部电荷产生的电场重新定向。此设置表明,如果分子在区域的边界处径向定向,则会出现Fréedericksz类型阈值,以保持径向分子分布,该分布随域的典型半径而变化。在这些情况下,我们注意到一个显着的事实,即对于固有参数的特定值和范围,临界场与纯向列情况下获得的临界场不同。最后,我们还研究了具有均匀电荷密度的长空心圆柱体中的Fréedericksz型阈值,其中分子通过仅由样品内部电荷产生的电场重新定向。此设置表明,如果分子在区域边界处径向定向,则会出现Fréedericksz类型阈值,以维持径向分子分布,该分布随域的典型半径而变化。在这些情况下,我们注意到一个显着的事实,即对于固有参数的特定值和范围,临界场与纯向列情况下获得的临界场不同。最后,我们还研究了具有均匀电荷密度的长空心圆柱体中的Fréedericksz型阈值,其中分子通过仅由样品内部电荷产生的电场重新定向。此设置表明,如果分子在区域边界处径向定向,则会出现Fréedericksz类型阈值,以维持径向分子分布,该分布随域的典型半径而变化。我们还研究了电荷密度均匀的长空心圆柱体中的Fréedericksz型阈值,其中分子通过仅由样品内部电荷产生的电场重新定向。此设置表明,如果分子在区域边界处径向定向,则会出现Fréedericksz类型阈值,以维持径向分子分布,该分布随域的典型半径而变化。我们还研究了电荷密度均匀的长空心圆柱体中的Fréedericksz型阈值,其中分子通过仅由样品内部电荷产生的电场重新定向。此设置表明,如果分子在区域边界处径向定向,则会出现Fréedericksz类型阈值,以维持径向分子分布,该分布随域的典型半径而变化。

更新日期:2020-09-10
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