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An experimental procedure to perform mechanical characterization of small-sized bone specimens from thin femoral cortical wall.
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104046
Dario Gastaldi 1 , Massimiliano Baleani 2 , Roberta Fognani 2 , Fulvio Airaghi 1 , Livio Bonanni 1 , Pasquale Vena 1
Affiliation  

The cortical shell of the femoral neck plays a role in determining the overall neck strength. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanical properties of cortical tissue of the femoral neck due to challenges in implementing accurate testing protocols for the thin shell. Indeed, mechanical properties are commonly derived from mechanical testing performed on tissue samples extracted from the femoral diaphysis, i.e. assuming tissue homogeneity along the femur. The aim of this work was to set up a reliable methodology to determine mechanical properties of bone samples extracted from thin cortical shell of the femoral neck. A three-point bending test was used to determine elastic and post-elastic properties of cortical bone samples extracted from the inferior and superior femoral neck. An optical system was used to monitor the sample deflection. Accuracy was preliminarily evaluated by determining the elastic modulus of an aluminium alloy. A good intra- and inter-sample variability was found on determining aluminium elastic modulus: 1.6% and 3.6%, respectively. Additionally, aluminium elastic modulus value was underestimated by less than 1%. A pilot trial was performed on a human femoral neck to assess the procedure feasibility. A total of 22 samples were extracted from the inferior and superior femoral neck and successfully tested. Preliminary results suggest that mechanical properties of cortical bone tissue extracted from human femoral neck might be side dependent, the superior tissue seems to exhibit better mechanical properties than the inferior one, at least in terms of yield stress and maximum strain.

This supposedly different mechanical competence must be further investigated. The proposed procedure makes it feasible to carry out such studies.



中文翻译:

从薄股骨皮质壁执行小型骨标本的机械表征的实验程序。

股骨颈的皮质外壳在确定总体颈强度中起作用。然而,由于在实现薄壳的精确测试方案方面存在挑战,因此缺乏关于股骨颈皮质组织机械性能的知识。实际上,机械性能通常源自对从股骨干骨提取的组织样品进行的机械测试,即假设沿股骨的组织均质。这项工作的目的是建立一种可靠的方法,以确定从股骨颈薄皮层中提取的骨样品的力学性能。使用三点弯曲测试来确定从股骨下颈和上颈提取的皮质骨样品的弹性和弹性后特性。使用光学系统监测样品的偏转。通过确定铝合金的弹性模量来初步评估精度。在确定铝弹性模量时,发现样品内部和样品之间具有良好的变异性:分别为1.6%和3.6%。此外,铝的弹性模量值被低估了不到1%。在人的股骨颈上进行了一项初步试验,以评估手术的可行性。从股骨下颈和颈上提取总共22个样品并成功进行了测试。初步结果表明,从人股骨颈提取的皮质骨组织的机械性能可能与侧面有关,至少在屈服应力和最大应变方面,上层组织比下层组织表现出更好的机械性能。通过确定铝合金的弹性模量来初步评估精度。在确定铝弹性模量时,发现样品内部和样品之间具有良好的变异性:分别为1.6%和3.6%。此外,铝的弹性模量值被低估了不到1%。在人的股骨颈上进行了一项初步试验,以评估手术的可行性。从股下颈和颈上提取总共22个样品,并成功进行了测试。初步结果表明,从人股骨颈提取的皮质骨组织的机械性能可能与侧面有关,至少在屈服应力和最大应变方面,上层组织比下层组织表现出更好的机械性能。通过确定铝合金的弹性模量来初步评估精度。在确定铝弹性模量时,发现样品内部和样品之间具有良好的变异性:分别为1.6%和3.6%。此外,铝的弹性模量值被低估了不到1%。在人的股骨颈上进行了一项初步试验,以评估手术的可行性。从股骨下颈和颈上提取总共22个样品并成功进行了测试。初步结果表明,从人股骨颈提取的皮质骨组织的机械性能可能与侧面有关,至少在屈服应力和最大应变方面,上层组织比下层组织表现出更好的机械性能。在确定铝弹性模量时,发现样品内部和样品之间具有良好的变异性:分别为1.6%和3.6%。此外,铝的弹性模量值被低估了不到1%。在人的股骨颈上进行了一项初步试验,以评估手术的可行性。从股骨下颈和颈上提取总共22个样品并成功进行了测试。初步结果表明,从人股骨颈提取的皮质骨组织的机械性能可能与侧面有关,至少在屈服应力和最大应变方面,上层组织比下层组织表现出更好的机械性能。在确定铝弹性模量时,发现样品内部和样品之间具有良好的变异性:分别为1.6%和3.6%。此外,铝的弹性模量值被低估了不到1%。在人的股骨颈上进行了一项初步试验,以评估手术的可行性。从股骨下颈和颈上提取总共22个样品并成功进行了测试。初步结果表明,从人股骨颈提取的皮质骨组织的机械性能可能与侧面有关,至少在屈服应力和最大应变方面,上层组织比下层组织表现出更好的机械性能。铝的弹性模量值被低估了不到1%。在人的股骨颈上进行了一项初步试验,以评估手术的可行性。从股骨下颈和颈上提取总共22个样品并成功进行了测试。初步结果表明,从人股骨颈提取的皮质骨组织的机械性能可能与侧面有关,至少在屈服应力和最大应变方面,上层组织比下层组织表现出更好的机械性能。铝的弹性模量值被低估了不到1%。在人的股骨颈上进行了一项初步试验,以评估手术的可行性。从股骨下颈和颈上提取总共22个样品并成功进行了测试。初步结果表明,从人股骨颈提取的皮质骨组织的机械性能可能与侧面有关,至少在屈服应力和最大应变方面,上层组织比下层组织表现出更好的机械性能。

这种不同的机械能力必须进一步研究。拟议的程序使进行此类研究成为可能。

更新日期:2020-09-08
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