Abstract Ultrathin and nanometric materials (minerals and amorphous phases) are detected in transitory deposits of potential hazardous elements (PHEs), especially in acidic coal mine drainages. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of PHEs in nanoparticles (NPs) in evaporative structures in coal mining areas with high concentrations of PHEs. The precipitates were sampled in several coal mining areas in Colombia, with the purpose of evaluating the geochemical and environmental structures. In the present work, to better diagnose areas affected by coal mining, an innovative analytical procedure is proposed to define the association between PHEs in mine drainage sediments. The procedure includes the analytical study with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and advanced electron microscopy, before and after a series of sequential extractions to separate amorphous, magnetic, and crystalline compounds. Of the three main types of precipitates identified, the yellowish precipitates had the highest amounts of PHEs while the white precipitates had only small amounts of PHEs and the greenish precipitates contained TiO2 nanoparticles. The results from this study will be usable for more than fifty countries that have coal mine drainages.

中文翻译：

---

来自哥伦比亚煤矿排水系统中蒸发岩材料的纳米颗粒

摘要 超薄和纳米材料（矿物和非晶相）在潜在危险元素 (PHE) 的暂时沉积物中被检测到，尤其是在酸性煤矿排水中。这项工作的主要目标是评估 PHEs 在具有高浓度 PHEs 的煤矿区蒸发结构中纳米粒子 (NPs) 中的发生情况。在哥伦比亚的几个煤矿区对沉淀物进行了采样，目的是评估地球化学和环境结构。在目前的工作中，为了更好地诊断受煤矿开采影响的区域，提出了一种创新的分析程序来定义矿井排水沉积物中 PHE 之间的关联。该程序包括使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和高级电子显微镜进行分析研究，在一系列顺序提取之前和之后，以分离无定形、磁性和结晶化合物。在确定的三种主要类型的沉淀物中，黄色沉淀物的 PHE 含量最高，而白色沉淀物仅含有少量 PHE，而绿色沉淀物含有 TiO2 纳米颗粒。这项研究的结果将可用于 50 多个拥有煤矿排水系统的国家。