A hallmark of aging is the progressive accumulation of cellular damage. Age-induced damage arises due to a decrease in organelle function along with a decline in protein quality control. Although somatic tissues deteriorate with age, the germline must maintain cellular homeostasis in order to ensure the production of healthy progeny. While germline quality control has been primarily studied in multicellular organisms, recent evidence suggests the existence of gametogenesis-specific quality control mechanisms in unicellular eukaryotes, highlighting the evolutionary conservation of meiotic events beyond chromosome morphogenesis. Notably, budding yeast eliminates age-induced damage during meiotic differentiation, employing novel organelle and protein quality control mechanisms to produce young and healthy gametes. Similarly, organelle and protein quality control is present in metazoan gametogenesis; however, whether and how these mechanisms contribute to cellular rejuvenation requires further investigation. Here, we summarize recent findings that describe organelle and protein quality control in budding yeast gametogenesis, examine similar quality control mechanisms in metazoan development, and identify research directions that will improve our understanding of meiotic cellular rejuvenation.

衰老的一个标志是细胞损伤的逐渐积累。年龄引起的损伤是由于细胞器功能下降以及蛋白质质量控​​制下降而引起的。尽管体细胞组织随着年龄的增长而退化，但种系必须维持细胞稳态，以确保产生健康的后代。虽然种系质量控制主要在多细胞生物中进行研究，但最近的证据表明单细胞真核生物中存在配子发生特异性质量控制机制，强调了染色体形态发生之外减数分裂事件的进化保守性。值得注意的是，芽殖酵母消除了减数分裂过程中年龄引起的损伤，采用新颖的细胞器和蛋白质质量控​​制机制来产生年轻和健康的配子。同样，细胞器和蛋白质质量控​​制也存在于后生动物配子发生中。然而，这些机制是否以及如何促进细胞再生还需要进一步研究。在这里，我们总结了最近的研究结果，描述了芽殖酵母配子发生中的细胞器和蛋白质质量控​​制，检查了后生动物发育中类似的质量控制机制，并确定了将提高我们对减数分裂细胞复兴的理解的研究方向。