Infectious diseases usually occur in response to the highly intensive rearing conditions in fish farms. The use of feed additives is still one of the most practical options in the field of aquaculture. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the impact of raffinose on the growth rate, antioxidative status, and immunity of Nile tilapia. For 60 days, fish fed five test diets with raffinose at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g/kg. The FBW was increased by feeding raffinose at 0.5 or 1 g/kg levels over the control, whereas no significances were observed among the other groups. Feeding tilapia with raffinose at 1 g/kg increased the WG and SGR and decreased the FCR with regards to the control. The activity of SOD was enhanced by feeding raffinose at all levels, while GPX and SOD were improved by 1 or 1.5 g/kg levels over the control. On the contrary, the concentration of MDA was decreased by raffinose, and the lowest levels were observed by 1 or 1.5 g/kg levels. The lysozyme activity was increased by level 1 g/kg over the other levels without significant differences with 1.5 g/kg. The phagocytic activity and index were also boosted by feeding raffinose at 1, 1.5, and 2 g/kg levels over 0 and 0.5 g/kg. Taking together, dietary raffinose increases Nile tilapia growth performances, and immune responses and 0.85–1.37 g raffinose per kg diet is recommended for this species nutrition.

中文翻译：

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棉子糖对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）生长性能、氧化状态和免疫力的影响


传染病通常是由于养鱼场的高度集约化饲养条件而发生的。饲料添加剂的使用仍然是水产养殖领域最实用的选择之一。因此，本研究旨在评估棉子糖对尼罗罗非鱼生长速度、抗氧化状态和免疫力的影响。在 60 天的时间里，鱼用 0、0.5、1、1.5 和 2 g/kg 棉子糖喂食五种测试饲料。与对照组相比，饲喂 0.5 或 1 g/kg 水平的棉子糖后，FBW 有所增加，而在其他组中没有观察到显着性。与对照组相比，饲喂 1 g/kg 棉子糖的罗非鱼增加了 WG 和 SGR，并降低了 FCR。通过饲喂各个水平的棉子糖，SOD 的活性得到增强，而 GPX 和 SOD 的水平比对照提高了 1 或 1.5 g/kg。相反，棉子糖降低了 MDA 浓度，在 1 或 1.5 g/kg 水平时观察到最低水平。溶菌酶活性比其他水平增加 1 g/kg，但与 1.5 g/kg 没有显着差异。饲喂 1、1.5 和 2 g/kg 水平的棉子糖也比 0 和 0.5 g/kg 水平提高了吞噬细胞活性和指数。总而言之，日粮棉子糖可提高尼罗罗非鱼的生长性能和免疫反应，建议该物种的营养中每公斤日粮添加 0.85-1.37 克棉子糖。