Functionalized micro/nanomotors having immobilized biological molecules provide excellent and powerful tools for the detection of target molecules. Based on surface modifications and mobilities of micromotors, we report herein a new experimental design of high-speed, self-propelled and plasma modified micromotors for biomedical applications. Within this scope, in the first step, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was in-situ synthesized onto W5O14 (tungsten trioxide) wires by using radio frequency (RF) rotating plasma reactor. Then, W5O14/PEDOT-Platinum (Pt) hybrid micromotors were fabricated by using magnetron sputtering technique. The detection of miRNA-21 was performed using both single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (probe DNA) immobilized W5O14-Pt and W5O14/PEDOT-Pt micromotors. The fluorescence signals were determined after hybridization of probe DNA immobilized these novel W5O14-Pt and W5O14/PEDOT-Pt micromotors with different molar concentrations of the synthetic target (6-carboxyfluorescein dye (FAM)-labeled miRNA-21). The changes in the micromotor speeds after the hybridization process were also evaluated. W5O14/PEDOT-Pt micromotors presented better sensor properties compared to the W5O14-Pt micromotors. A good linearity for miRNA-21 concentration between 0.1 nM and 100 nM was obtained for these micromotors based on their fluorescence intensities. The detection limit was found as 0.028 nM for W5O14/PEDOT-Pt micromotors (n = 3). Thus, sensor and motor characteristics of the W5O14-Pt micromotors were improved by RF plasma enhanced PEDOT coatings. The new catalytic W5O14 based micromotors demonstrated here had great potential for the development of sensitive and simple sensing platforms for detection of miRNA-21.

中文翻译：

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用于 miRNA 检测的基于射频等离子体增强导电聚合物/W5O14 的自驱动微电机

具有固定生物分子的功能化微/纳米马达为检测目标分子提供了极好的和强大的工具。基于微电机的表面改性和流动性，我们在此报告了一种用于生物医学应用的高速、自推进和等离子体改性微电机的新实验设计。在此范围内，第一步，使用射频 (RF) 旋转等离子体反应器在 W5O14（三氧化钨）线上原位合成聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）。然后，使用磁控溅射技术制造了 W5O14/PEDOT-铂 (Pt) 混合微电机。使用单链 DNA (ssDNA)（探针 DNA）固定的 W5O14-Pt 和 W5O14/PEDOT-Pt 微电机进行 miRNA-21 的检测。在固定这些新型 W5O14-Pt 和 W5O14/PEDOT-Pt 微型马达的探针 DNA 与不同摩尔浓度的合成靶标（6-羧基荧光素染料 (FAM) 标记的 miRNA-21）杂交后确定荧光信号。还评估了杂交过程后微电机速度的变化。与 W5O14-Pt 微电机相比，W5O14/PEDOT-Pt 微电机具有更好的传感器特性。基于它们的荧光强度，这些微型马达在 0.1 nM 和 100 nM 之间获得了 miRNA-21 浓度的良好线性。发现 W5O14/PEDOT-Pt 微电机 (n = 3) 的检测限为 0.028 nM。因此，W5O14-Pt 微电机的传感器和电机特性通过射频等离子体增强 PEDOT 涂层得到改善。