Bees, wasps, and ants have no specialized receptors for the perception of an electric field. An appropriate response to naturally occurring electric fields in bees and ants is associated with atmospheric exposure, amplified by the approach of the front of a thunderstorm. The primary transducers of mechanoreceptors that respond to displacement are related to the perception of low-frequency electric fields of high intensity by insects. The non-specific mechanism of perception of electric fields is based on irritation by induced currents that flow in the locations of their contact with each other and/or conductive surfaces. The frequency dependence of the electric field sensitivity is determined mainly by the magnitude of the current induced by it and the intensity of its contact action. The magnitude of the current induced in the outer part of the insect body is non-linearly related to the frequency of the electric field. The region with the highest sensitivity to electric fields is close to 500 Hz, which is consistent with the maximum magnitude of the induced current. At the same time, the threshold of the sensitivity to an electric field in wasps is approximately 0.04 kV/m, while in bees it is 0.45 kV/m. Ants react to the action of an electric field of 7–10 kV/m by slowing their movement. Magnetic fields and ionization, which accompany the generation of an electric field whose intensity reaches 15–20 kV/m, do not stimulate changes in the behavior of insects.

中文翻译：

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蜜蜂、纸黄蜂和红木蚂蚁对低频电场的感知和响应特性

蜜蜂、黄蜂和蚂蚁没有感知电场的专门受体。对蜜蜂和蚂蚁自然产生的电场的适当反应与大气暴露有关，并被雷暴锋面的逼近放大。响应位移的机械感受器的主要传感器与昆虫对高强度低频电场的感知有关。电场感知的非特定机制基于感应电流的刺激，这些电流在它们彼此接触和/或导电表面的接触位置流动。电场灵敏度的频率依赖性主要由其感应电流的大小及其接触作用的强度决定。在昆虫身体外部感应的电流大小与电场频率呈非线性关系。对电场最敏感的区域接近 500 Hz，这与感应电流的最大幅度一致。同时，黄蜂对电场敏感度的阈值约为 0.04 kV/m，而蜜蜂则为 0.45 kV/m。蚂蚁通过减慢移动速度对 7-10 kV/m 电场的作用作出反应。伴随产生强度达到 15-20 kV/m 的电场的磁场和电离不会刺激昆虫行为的变化。这与感应电流的最大值一致。同时，黄蜂对电场敏感度的阈值约为 0.04 kV/m，而蜜蜂则为 0.45 kV/m。蚂蚁通过减慢移动速度对 7-10 kV/m 电场的作用作出反应。伴随产生强度达到 15-20 kV/m 的电场的磁场和电离不会刺激昆虫行为的变化。这与感应电流的最大值一致。同时，黄蜂对电场敏感度的阈值约为 0.04 kV/m，而蜜蜂则为 0.45 kV/m。蚂蚁通过减慢移动速度对 7-10 kV/m 电场的作用作出反应。伴随产生强度达到 15-20 kV/m 的电场的磁场和电离不会刺激昆虫行为的变化。