Desalination technologies and industry have advanced significantly in the past two decades to meet the growing freshwater demands stimulated by the compounding issues of both water quality and quantity in many regions of the world. As desalination processes are energy demanding, there have been many efforts dedicated to improve energy-efficiency of the process units, enhance energy conservation and recovery, and increase renewable energy integration in desalination plants. This research-review article highlights recent key advances and discusses possible venues for further development in desalination energy portfolio to reduce specific energy consumption and, via integration with solar energy, to minimize the environmental footprint associated with freshwater production. First, an overview of current desalination technologies and their energy requirements are presented followed by a discussion on opportunities for improving energy efficiency and energy recovery in both membrane ...

中文翻译：

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海水淡化系统的能效和可再生能源利用

在过去的二十年中，海水淡化技术和工业取得了长足的进步，可以满足世界许多地区因水质和水量双重问题而刺激的淡水需求。由于海水淡化工艺对能源的需求很大，因此人们进行了许多努力来提高工艺装置的能效，提高能源节约和回收率以及增加海水淡化厂中的可再生能源集成。这篇研究综述文章重点介绍了近期的主要进展，并讨论了淡化能源产品组合进一步发展的可能性，以减少单位能耗，并通过与太阳能集成，以最大程度地减少与淡水生产相关的环境足迹。第一，