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Relating diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of brain white matter to cognitive processing-speed deficits in schizophrenia
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 , DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aba3ba
Muhammad Anisuzzaman Talukder 1
Affiliation  

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) analyses of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show that diffusional fractional anisotropy (FA) and kurtosis anisotropy (KA) of water inside brain white matter decrease for schizophrenic patients from that for healthy persons. DTI and DKI are statistical approaches and do not directly point to the underlying neurobiological reasons. In schizophrenia, it is believed that the demyelination of axons-microstructures that constitute the brain white matter-increases lateral diffusion of water and causes defective neural communications, resulting cognitive processing-speed deficits. Here, we use a simple but realistic neurobiological model for brain white matter and solve the Bloch-Torrey equation using numerical finite-element method to find out the underlying reasons of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. FA and KA are calculated from computationally obtained diffusion-weighted MRI data after a Stejskal-Tanner gradient pulse sequence is applied to a periodic array of tubular axons with circular cross-sections. The calculated FA and KA decrease when the axon walls are more permeable to water, agree with the experimental findings, and correlate with the cognitive processing speeds of healthy persons and schizophrenic patients, and thus, help to understand the underlying reasons of cognitive processing-speed deficits in schizophrenia.

中文翻译:

将脑白质的弥散加权磁共振成像与精神分裂症的认知处理速度缺陷相关联

弥散加权磁共振成像 (MRI) 的弥散张量成像 (DTI) 和弥散峰态成像 (DKI) 分析表明,精神分裂症患者脑白质内水的弥散分数各向异性 (FA) 和峰态各向异性 (KA) 从对于健康的人。DTI 和 DKI 是统计方法,并不直接指向潜在的神经生物学原因。在精神分裂症中,人们认为构成大脑白质的轴突微结构的脱髓鞘会增加水的横向扩散并导致神经通讯缺陷,从而导致认知处理速度缺陷。这里,我们对脑白质使用简单但现实的神经生物学模型,并使用数值有限元方法求解 Bloch-Torrey 方程,以找出精神分裂症认知缺陷的根本原因。FA 和 KA 是在 Stejskal-Tanner 梯度脉冲序列应用于具有圆形横截面的管状轴突的周期性阵列后,根据计算获得的扩散加权 MRI 数据计算得出的。当轴突壁更易渗透水时,计算出的 FA 和 KA 降低,与实验结果一致,并与健康人和精神分裂症患者的认知处理速度相关,因此有助于理解认知处理速度的根本原因精神分裂症的缺陷。FA 和 KA 是在 Stejskal-Tanner 梯度脉冲序列应用于具有圆形横截面的管状轴突的周期性阵列后,根据计算获得的扩散加权 MRI 数据计算得出的。当轴突壁更易渗透水时,计算出的 FA 和 KA 降低,与实验结果一致,并与健康人和精神分裂症患者的认知处理速度相关,因此有助于理解认知处理速度的根本原因精神分裂症的缺陷。FA 和 KA 是在 Stejskal-Tanner 梯度脉冲序列应用于具有圆形横截面的管状轴突的周期性阵列后,根据计算获得的扩散加权 MRI 数据计算得出的。当轴突壁更易渗透水时,计算出的 FA 和 KA 降低,与实验结果一致,并与健康人和精神分裂症患者的认知处理速度相关,因此有助于理解认知处理速度的根本原因精神分裂症的缺陷。
更新日期:2020-07-20
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