Pollen formation and development is important for crop fertility and is a key factor for hybrid development. Previous reports have indicated that Arabidopsis thaliana TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 (AtTPD1) and its rice (Oryza sativa) homolog, OsTPD1-like (OsTDL1A), are required for cell specialization and greatly affect pollen formation and development. Little is known about the role of the TPD1 homolog in banana pollen development. Here, we report the identification and characterization of TPD1 homologs in diploid banana (Musa itinerans) and examine their role in pollen development by overexpressing the closest homolog, MaTPD1A. MaTPD1A exhibits high expression in stamen and localizes in the plasma membrane. MaTPD1A-overexpressing plants produce no pollen grains and smaller and seedless fruit compared to wild-type plants. Transcriptome analysis showed that in plant hormone, starch and sucrose metabolism, and linolenic acid metabolism-related pathways were affected by overexpression of MaTPD1A, and the expression of several key regulators, such as PTC1 and MYB80, which are known to affect anther development, is affected in MaTPD1A-overexpressing lines. Our results indicate that MaTPD1A plays an important role in pollen formation and fruit development in diploid banana, possibly by affecting the expression of some key regulators of pollen development.

中文翻译：

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MaTPD1A的过表达通过调节Itaranus中的某些调节剂来损害果实和花粉发育。

花粉的形成和发育对作物的育性很重要，并且是杂交发展的关键因素。先前的报道表明拟南芥TAPETUM DETERMINANT1（AtTPD1）及其水稻（Oryza sativa）同源物OsTPD1-like（OsTDL1A）是细胞专业化所必需的，并且极大地影响花粉的形成和发育。TPD1同源物在香蕉花粉发育中的作用鲜为人知。在这里，我们报告二倍体香蕉（Musa itinerans）中TPD1同源物的鉴定和表征，并通过过表达最接近的同源物MaTPD1A来检查它们在花粉发育中的作用。MaTPD1A在雄蕊中高表达，并定位于质膜中。与野生型植物相比，过表达MaTPD1A的植物不会产生花粉粒，并且果实较小且无核。转录组分析表明，在植物激素，淀粉和蔗糖代谢以及与亚麻酸代谢相关的途径中，MaTPD1A的过量表达会影响其表达，已知一些影响花药发育的关键调控因子（如PTC1和MYB80）的表达也受到影响。在MaTPD1A过表达株中受到影响。我们的结果表明，MaTPD1A在二倍体香蕉的花粉形成和果实发育中起重要作用，可能是通过影响某些花粉发育的关键调控因子的表达来实现的。