Dr. Géraldine Masson received her Ph.D. in 2003 from Joseph Fourier University. She then moved to the University of Amsterdam as a Marie Curie postdoctoral research fellow. At the end of 2005, she was appointed “Chargée de Recherche” by CNRS at the Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles in Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Dr. Masson was promoted to CNRS Research Director DR2 in 2014 and DR1 in 2019. Her research program focuses on (1) asymmetric organocatalysis, (2) photoredox-catalysis, and (3) asymmetric hypervalent iodine catalysis. She is a recipient of the Diverchim Prize in Synthetic Organic Chemistry from French Organic Chemistry Division (2011), CNRS Bronze Medal (2013), Liebig Lectureship of the German Chemical Society (2016), Novacap Prize of the French Académie des Sciences Award (2017), the J.-M. Lehn Prize from the Organic Chemistry Division of the French Chemical Society (2019), and Junior Distinguished Member of the French Chemical Society (2020). France is known worldwide for its gastronomy, art, cultural diversity, and last but not least, for being a country of an incredible complexity. Higher education in France is the perfect example of how intricate a French system might be, with a very specific academic structuration based on not only universities but also specialized schools, different institutes, and the famous “grandes écoles”. Where many would consider it a very odd habit to render complex what should be kept simple, one (mostly French people!) could argue that it represents a unique way to explore new ideas with the mindset to apprehend the intricacy and subtlety in everything. Whether or not it has contributed to the emergence of extremely talented chemists remains uncertain, but undisputable is the fact that chemistry, organic chemistry, in particular, holds a remarkably strong French lineage. Ever since “alchemy”, a blend of myths, magic, religion, and so forth, disappeared for the benefit of true rational science, which is now referred to as “modern chemistry”, the French contribution to this scientific domain has been considerable (Figure 1). At the end of the 18th century, the emergence of this new field of research notably became possible thanks to Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, the “father of modern chemistry”. Among many other things, his work allowed us to switch from a purely qualitative observation of chemical transformations to a more rational quantitative reasoning. Owing to Lavoisier, the famous motto “Nothing is lost, everything is transformed” is engraved in the minds of chemists everywhere. Whereas he also contributed, with Louis-Bernard Guyton-Morveau, Claude-Louis Berthollet, Antoine-François Fourcroy, Jean Henri Hassenfratz, and Pierre Auguste Adet, to reform chemical nomenclature, other famous French chemists who had a major impact include Henri Moissan (1906 Nobel Prize) who discovered elemental fluorine, Joseph Gay-Lussac, Charles F. Gerhardt, and Charles A. Wurtz who contributed to the understanding of the structure of organic molecules, and Louis Pasteur who introduced the concept of chirality. Other major advances in stereochemistry were later introduced by Joseph Le Bel, concomitantly developed by the Dutch chemist Jacobus Hendricus van’t Hoff, which aided the advancement and progression of chemistry further. Figure 1. This molecular map of France highlights research selected for this JOC Virtual Issue. As mentioned by Marcellin Berthelot, “la chimie crée son objet” (Chemistry creates its object). It certainly drove the discovery of several important named organic reactions at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. For instance, Charles Friedel together with American chemist James Mason Crafts disclosed the reaction which, in addition to carrying their names, still constitutes one of the most powerful methods for the functionalization of arenes. Auguste G. Darzens, a Russian-born French chemist, reported the Darzen’s condensation for the preparation of epoxides. Other major contributions include the discovery of organomagnesium reagents by Victor Grignard (Philippe Barbier’s student) and the metal-catalyzed hydrogenations of olefins by Paul Sabatier. These latter works were recognized by the 1912 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, one year after the Nobel Prize had been awarded to Marie Curie for the discovery of the two radioactive elements radium and polonium. More recently, French chemists have not ceased to play decisive roles in shaping the future of this discipline. Jean-Marie Lehn, together with Donald Cram and Charles Pedersen, received the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of three-dimensional multidentate ligands, known as cryptands. Lehn is also renowned worldwide for his tremendous contribution to the domain of supramolecular chemistry. Jointly with Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock, Yves Chauvin received the 2005 Chemistry Nobel Prize for his contribution to the elucidation of the olefin metathesis reaction mechanism. The Royal Sweden Academy of Science also honored another French chemist in 2016, Jean-Pierre Sauvage, for the design and synthesis of molecular machines, together with James Fraser Stoddart and Bernard Lucas Feringa. Aside from these prestigious prizes, many French chemists have significantly contributed to countless major advances in organic chemistry. Because it would be impossible to give an exhaustive list in this short essay, we will only cite a selected few herein. Both Henri Normant and his son, Jean-François, played a key role in the field of organometallic chemistry, notably through the development of new solvents (HMPA and THF) and original copper-based processes (carbocupration of alkynes). The Julia brothers, Marc and Sylvestre, are well-known for their work concerning the development of stereoselective olefination methods. Robert Corriu and his Japanese contemporaries Makoto Kumada and Kohei Tamao independently reported the “Kumada–Tamao–Corriu” reaction, one of the first nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Pierre Sinaÿ, notably through his discovery of glycoside formation via imidates, has greatly influenced the expansion of glycochemistry. Henri B. Kagan is widely recognized as a one of the pioneers in the field of asymmetric catalysis, notably by introducing the concept of nonlinear effects, and has studied transformations based on the use of SmI₂, commonly referred to as “Kagan’s reagent.” Pierre Potier has been influential in the field of isolation/structure elucidation/synthesis of natural products. His more decisive contributions to science and health sciences are certainly the development of the two anticancer drugs, Navelbine and Taxotere, which are still in use nowadays. Finally, France has also been the welcome home of numerous brilliant scientists, including Derek H. R. Barton, Robert H. Crabtree, and Hugh Felkin, among many others. At the present time, France is still the home of much innovative organic chemistry research conducted by my talented and dear French colleagues, of whom I would not dare to give a comprehensive list inasmuch as I would certainly forget to mention major contributors. Among the different domains currently covered in our country aretotal synthesis, carbene chemistry, radical chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, organometallic catalysis, asymmetric metal/organo-promoted catalysis, enzymatic catalysis, green processes, photochemistry, electrochemistry and theoretical calculation, just to cite a few. To scratch the surface and entice the reader to explore further, we present a virtual issue of The Journal of Organic Chemistry in which several talented established and young researchers have been selected for a total number of 25 research articles published over the past two years. We hope that you will enjoy reading their works, as we believe they represent the next generation of French organic chemists in all its diversity and richness. Views expressed in this editorial are those of the author and not necessarily the views of the ACS. This article has not yet been cited by other publications. Figure 1. This molecular map of France highlights research selected for this JOC Virtual Issue.

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法国的La Chimie Organique：Une Longue传统qui Persiste！

GéraldineMasson博士获得了博士学位。于2003年从约瑟夫·傅里叶大学获得。然后，她作为玛丽·居里博士后研究员搬到阿姆斯特丹大学。2005年底，她在法国伊维特河畔吉夫的自然化学研究所被CNRS任命为“Chargéede Recherche”。Masson博士于2014年晋升为CNRS研究总监DR2，并于2019年晋升为DR1。她的研究重点是（1）不对称有机催化，（2）光氧化还原催化和（3）不对称高价碘催化。她曾获得法国有机化学分会（2011）的Diverchim合成有机化学奖，2013年CNRS铜奖，2016年德国化学学会的李比希奖，2016年法国科学院科学奖的Novacap奖），J.-M。获得法国化学学会有机化学分会的Lehn奖（2019）和法国化学学会的初级杰出会员（2020）。法国以其美食，艺术，文化多样性而闻名世界，最后但并非最不重要的是，它是一个极其复杂的国家。法国的高等教育是法国体系可能多么复杂的一个完美例子，其不仅基于大学而且还基于专门学校，不同的学院以及著名的“大学院”而建立了非常具体的学术结构。许多人认为使复杂的事物变得简单是很奇怪的习惯，一个人（大多数是法国人！）可能会认为这是一种探索新思想的独特方法，其思想是理解一切事物的复杂性和微妙之处。它是否对杰出的化学家的崛起做出了贡献尚不确定，但无可争议的是，尤其是化学，有机化学拥有非常强大的法国血统的事实。自从将神话，魔术，宗教等融合在一起的“炼金术”为了真正的理性科学（现在被称为“现代化学”）的利益而消失之后，法国在该科学领域的贡献就很大（图1）。在18世纪末，由于“现代化学之父”安托万·洛朗·拉瓦锡耶（Antoine Laurent Lavoisier）的出现，这一新的研究领域的出现成为可能。除其他外，他的工作使我们从对化学转化的纯定性观察转变为更合理的定量推理。由于Lavoisier，著名的座右铭“什么都不会丢失，一切都会改变”，刻在各地化学家的脑海中。他还与Louis-Bernard Guyton-Morveau，Claude-Louis Berthollet，Antoine-FrançoisFourcroy，Jean Henri Hassenfratz和Pierre Auguste Adet一起为化学名称的改革做出了贡献，其他产生重大影响的法国著名化学家包括Henri Moissan（ 1906年诺贝尔奖获得者（发现元素氟），约瑟夫·盖·吕萨克（Joseph Gay-Lussac），查尔斯·格哈特（Charles F.Gerhardt）和查尔斯·A·沃兹（Charles A. 立体化学的其他重大进展随后由约瑟夫·勒·贝尔（Joseph Le Bel）提出，同时由荷兰化学家雅各布斯·亨德里克斯·范霍夫（Jacobus Hendricus van't Hoff）开发，进一步推动了化学的发展。图1.此法国的分子图突出显示了为此JOC虚拟期刊选择的研究。正如Marcellin Berthelot所提到的，“ la chimiecréeson objet”（化学创造了它的对象）。在19世纪末和20世纪初，它无疑推动了几个重要的有机反应的发现。例如，查尔斯·弗里德尔（Charles Friedel）与美国化学家詹姆斯·梅森·克拉夫斯（James Mason Crafts）一起披露了该反应，该反应除了带有其名称外，仍然是芳烃功能化最强大的方法之一。俄国出生的法国化学家奥古斯特·达森斯（Auguste G. Darzens）报告说，达森的缩合反应用于制备环氧化物。其他主要贡献包括Victor Grignard（Philippe Barbier的学生）发现有机镁试剂，以及Paul Sabatier的金属催化的烯烃氢化反应。后者的发现获得1912年诺贝尔化学奖的认可，一年后，玛丽·居里因发现了镭和po中的两种放射性元素而获得了诺贝尔奖。最近，法国化学家在塑造该学科的未来方面没有停止起决定性作用。让·玛丽·雷恩（Jean-Marie Lehn）与唐纳德·克拉姆（Donald Cram）和查尔斯·皮德森（Charles Pedersen）一起，因开发三维多齿配体（称为穴状配体）而获得1987年诺贝尔化学奖。莱恩因在超分子化学领域做出的巨大贡献而享誉全球。与Robert H. Grubbs和Richard R. Yrock Charock的Schrock Yves Chauvin因对阐明烯烃复分解反应机理的贡献而获得2005年诺贝尔化学奖。瑞典皇家科学院还与詹姆斯·弗雷泽·斯托达德（James Fraser Stoddart）和伯纳德·卢卡斯·费林加（Bernard Lucas Feringa）一起，于2016年向另一位法国化学家让·皮埃尔·索瓦奇（Jean-Pierre Sauvage）授予了奖杯，用于分子机器的设计和合成。除了这些享有盛誉的奖项外，许多法国化学家还为有机化学的无数重大进步做出了重要贡献。因为在这篇短文中不可能给出详尽的清单，所以我们在这里只列举一些。亨利·诺曼特（Henri Normant）和他的儿子让·弗朗索瓦（Jean-François）都在有机金属化学领域发挥了关键作用，特别是通过开发新的溶剂（HMPA和THF）和原始的铜基工艺（炔烃的羰基化）。朱莉娅（Julia）兄弟马克（Marc）和西尔维斯特（Sylvestre）因致力于立体选择性烯化方法的研究而闻名。罗伯特·科里乌（Robert Corriu）和他的日本同时代人真田诚（Makoto Kumada）和晃平晃（Kohei Tamao）独立报告了“熊田—玉茂—Corriu”反应，这是最早的镍催化交叉偶联反应之一。皮埃尔·辛纳（PierreSinaÿ），特别是通过他发现的通过酰亚胺形成糖苷的方法，极大地影响了糖化学的发展。Henri B. Kagan被广泛认为是不对称催化领域的先驱者之一，特别是通过引入非线性效应的概念，并研究了基于SmI的转化 罗伯特·科里乌（Robert Corriu）和他的日本同时代人真田诚（Makoto Kumada）和晃平晃（Kohei Tamao）独立报告了“熊田—玉茂—Corriu”反应，这是最早的镍催化交叉偶联反应之一。皮埃尔·辛纳（PierreSinaÿ），特别是通过他发现的通过酰亚胺形成糖苷的方法，极大地影响了糖化学的发展。Henri B. Kagan被广泛认为是不对称催化领域的先驱者之一，特别是通过引入非线性效应的概念，并研究了基于SmI的转化 罗伯特·科里乌（Robert Corriu）和他的日本同时代人真田诚（Makoto Kumada）和晃平晃（Kohei Tamao）独立报告了“熊田—玉茂—Corriu”反应，这是最早的镍催化交叉偶联反应之一。皮埃尔·辛纳（PierreSinaÿ），特别是通过发现通过酰亚胺形成糖苷的方法，极大地影响了糖化学的发展。Henri B. Kagan被广泛认为是不对称催化领域的先驱者之一，特别是通过引入非线性效应的概念，并研究了基于SmI的转化₂，通常称为“卡根氏试剂”。Pierre Potier在天然产物的分离/结构阐明/合成领域具有影响力。他对科学和健康科学做出的更加决定性的贡献当然是开发了两种抗癌药物Navelbine和Taxotere，它们至今仍在使用。最后，法国还是众多杰出科学家的欢迎之地，其中包括德里克·巴顿（Derek HR Barton），罗伯特·H·克拉布特里（Robert H. Crabtree）和休·费尔金（Hugh Felkin）等。目前，法国仍然是我才华横溢的法国同事进行的许多创新有机化学研究的所在地，因为我当然不愿提及主要的贡献者，因此我不敢列出这些名单。在我国目前涵盖的不同领域中，全面综合 卡宾化学，自由基化学，超分子化学，催化，有机金属催化，不对称金属/有机促进催化，酶催化，绿色过程，光化学，电化学和理论计算，仅举几例。为了从头开始并吸引读者进一步探索，我们提出了一个虚拟的问题在过去两年中，共有25篇研究论文被选入《有机化学杂志》，其中有几位才华横溢的年轻研究人员。我们希望您会喜欢阅读他们的作品，因为我们相信它们代表着下一代法国有机化学家的多样性和丰富性。本社论中表达的观点只是作者的观点，不一定是ACS的观点。本文尚未被其他出版物引用。图1.此法国的分子图突出显示了为此JOC虚拟期刊选择的研究。