Multiphase flow in porous media has been thoroughly studied over the years and its importance is encountered in several areas related to geo-materials. One of the most important parameters that control multiphase flow in any complex geometry is wettability, which is an affinity of a given fluid toward a surface. In this paper, we have quantified the effects of wettability on deformation in porous media, along with other parameters that are involved in this phenomenon. To this end, we conducted numerical simulations on a porous medium by coupling the exchanged forces between the fluid and solid. To include the effect of wettability in the medium, we used the Fictitious Domain methodology and coupled it with volume of fluid through which one can model more than one fluid in the system. To observe the effect of wettability on dynamic processes in the designated porous medium, such as deformation, particle-particle contact stresses, particle velocity, and injection pressure, a series of systematic computations were conducted where wettability is varied through five different contact angles. We found that wettability not only controls the fluid propagation patterns but also affects drag forces exerted on the particles during injection such that larger deformations are induced for particles with lower wettability. Our results are also verified against experimental tests.

中文翻译：

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润湿性效应的耦合精细尺度建模：变形和压裂

多年来，人们对多孔介质中的多相流进行了深入研究，并且在与地质材料相关的几个领域中都遇到了它的重要性。在任何复杂几何形状中控制多相流动的最重要参数之一是润湿性，即给定流体对表面的亲和力。在本文中，我们量化了润湿性对多孔介质变形的影响，以及与该现象相关的其他参数。为此，我们通过耦合流体和固体之间的交换力对多孔介质进行了数值模拟。为了包括介质中润湿性的影响，我们使用了虚拟域方法并将其与流体体积相结合，通过它可以对系统中的多种流体进行建模。为了观察润湿性对指定多孔介质中动态过程的影响，如变形、颗粒-颗粒接触应力、颗粒速度和注射压力，进行了一系列系统计算，其中润湿性通过五种不同的接触角而变化。我们发现润湿性不仅控制流体传播模式，而且会影响注射过程中施加在颗粒上的阻力，从而导致润湿性较低的颗粒产生更大的变形。我们的结果也得到了实验测试的验证。我们发现润湿性不仅控制流体传播模式，而且会影响注射过程中施加在颗粒上的阻力，从而导致润湿性较低的颗粒产生更大的变形。我们的结果也得到了实验测试的验证。我们发现润湿性不仅控制流体传播模式，而且会影响注射过程中施加在颗粒上的阻力，从而导致润湿性较低的颗粒产生更大的变形。我们的结果也得到了实验测试的验证。