Eco-green biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced by a sustainable methodology and using renewable sources as feedstock due to its green nature and lower emission of pollutants in comparison with conventional fuels. In this work, biodiesels were produced using an innovative source of catalysts, a mixture of metal hydroxides: lithium-sodium (LiOH + NaOH) or lithium-potassium (LiOH + KOH) due to the considerable increase in the consumption and disposal of Li-ion battery wastes (electronic residues) in recent years. Waste cooking oil samples from fast food chains and households were used as an oily raw feedstock without any prior treatment to produce eco-green biodiesel by a transesterification reaction at room temperature. The recycling process not only removes Li-ion battery wastes and oily contaminants from the environment but also enables the generation of a green power source. The presence of lithium as a catalyst for producing eco-green biodiesel was investigated in order to verify previously the possibility of using lithium recovered from waste Li-ion batteries present in electronic devices in general. As a result, nicely followed by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, the biodiesel mean yield of 90% using 5 wt. % LiOH with 95 wt. % NaOH or KOH catalysts was obtained and considered to be relatively high considering the high resolution of this technique. Gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, density, and viscosity were the techniques performed to analyze the chemical structure and physical properties of the biodiesel (methyl esters) produced samples in the presence of a lithium catalyst.

中文翻译：

---

使用 LiOH 将生活废食用油酯交换为碱性催化剂混合物生产生态绿色生物柴油

生态绿色生物柴油是一种通过可持续方法生产的替代燃料，由于其绿色特性和与传统燃料相比污染物排放量较低，因此使用可再生资源作为原料。在这项工作中，生物柴油是使用创新的催化剂来源生产的，金属氢氧化物的混合物：锂钠 (LiOH + NaOH) 或锂钾 (LiOH + KOH)，因为锂的消耗和处置量显着增加。近年来离子电池废物（电子残留物）。来自快餐连锁店和家庭的废弃食用油样品被用作油性原料，未经任何事先处理，通过室温下的酯交换反应生产生态绿色生物柴油。回收过程不仅可以去除环境中的锂离子电池废物和油性污染物，还可以产生绿色电源。研究了锂作为生产生态绿色生物柴油的催化剂的存在，以验证先前使用从一般电子设备中存在的废锂离子电池中回收的锂的可能性。结果，紧随其后的是氢核磁共振，使用 5 重量％的生物柴油平均产率为 90%。% LiOH 与 95 wt. % NaOH 或 KOH 催化剂被获得并且考虑到该技术的高分辨率被认为是相对较高的。气相色谱、薄层色谱、氢核磁共振、红外光谱、密度、