When wind turbines operate in complex atmospheric environments, the flow fields around their blades are complex and unsteady. To capture the lag characteristics of induced velocity when the dynamic environment of a rotor changes, this study further modified the equilibrium wake model using the blade element momentum and acceleration potential theories. In addition, a novel expression for the added mass force m A = 128 / 75 ρ R 3 was derived. Consequently, a numerical aerodynamics model of a rotor with an added mass force was developed. The model was used to calculate the aerodynamic load of a 5 MW wind turbine under steady wind, turbulence, gust, wind direction change, and rapid pitching. The results demonstrated that the numerical model with added mass force could reflect the rotor aerodynamic performance more accurately than its counterpart. The fluctuation amplitudes of the flapwise and edgewise bending moments of the blade root were smaller than those from the equilibrium wake model. The overshoot in loading, which was caused by the added mass force during pitching, could not be ignored. The research results were compared with experimental data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It was found that the proposed model provided a new strategy for calculating the added mass force and predicted rotor aerodynamic loads more accurately than the model without added mass force.

中文翻译：

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基于附加质量力的转子空气动力学通用数值模型

当风力涡轮机在复杂的大气环境中运行时，其叶片周围的流场复杂且不稳定。为了捕捉转子动态环境变化时诱导速度的滞后特性，本研究利用叶片元动量和加速度势理论进一步修正了平衡尾流模型。此外，还推导出了附加质量力 m A = 128 / 75 ρ R 3 的新表达式。因此，开发了具有附加质量力的转子的数值空气动力学模型。该模型用于计算稳定风、湍流、阵风、风向变化和快速俯仰下5 MW风力发电机组的气动载荷。结果表明，增加质量力的数值模型比对应的数值模型更能准确地反映转子的气动性能。叶片根部拍动和边缘弯矩的波动幅度小于平衡尾流模型的波动幅度。由俯仰过程中增加的质量力引起的加载超调不容忽视。研究结果与国家可再生能源实验室的实验数据进行了比较。结果表明，所提出的模型提供了一种新的计算附加质量力的策略，并且比没有附加质量力的模型更准确地预测了转子空气动力载荷。研究结果与国家可再生能源实验室的实验数据进行了比较。结果表明，所提出的模型提供了一种新的计算附加质量力的策略，并且比没有附加质量力的模型更准确地预测了转子空气动力载荷。研究结果与国家可再生能源实验室的实验数据进行了比较。结果表明，所提出的模型提供了一种新的计算附加质量力的策略，并且比没有附加质量力的模型更准确地预测了转子空气动力载荷。