In this work, we introduce a simple and universal optical setup design for laser surface texturing (LST) that provides functionality superior than direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). The method requires only a single periodic diffractive optical element and a focusing lens while enabling unlimited freedom for spatial shaping and amplitude variations. The concept is based on the special behavior of diffraction gratings when illuminating an area on the grating that is close in size to a single period rather than effectively infinite periods as is usually discussed in fundamental grating studies. Empirical optimization for a specific ratio value of grating period and incident laser beam size was done on a two-dimensional intensity distribution by fitting the one-dimensional intensity profile to a periodical squared cosine function. We investigate the design characteristics and tolerance sensitivity for this work regime and discuss some application ideas including practical example suggestion of optical design, and some tailored patterning capabilities allowed by the method. A detailed comparison was made between DLIP setup and the proposed alternative method for LST.

中文翻译：

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激光表面纹理使用单个衍射光学元件作为直接激光干涉图案的替代方案

在这项工作中，我们为激光表面纹理化 (LST) 引入了一种简单且通用的光学设置设计，其功能优于直接激光干涉图案化 (DLIP)。该方法只需要一个周期性衍射光学元件和一个聚焦透镜，同时为空间整形和幅度变化提供无限的自由。该概念基于衍射光栅的特殊行为，当照亮光栅上的区域时，该区域的大小接近于单个周期，而不是像基础光栅研究中通常讨论的那样有效的无限周期。通过将一维强度分布与周期平方余弦函数拟合，对二维强度分布进行了光栅周期和入射激光束尺寸的特定比率值的经验优化。我们研究了这种工作机制的设计特征和容差敏感性，并讨论了一些应用思路，包括光学设计的实际示例建议，以及该方法允许的一些定制图案化能力。在 DLIP 设置和 LST 建议的替代方法之间进行了详细比较。