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Coupled Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic ice sheet expansion during the middle Miocene
Nature Geoscience ( IF 15.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 , DOI: 10.1038/s41561-020-0623-0
Thomas J. Leutert , Alexandra Auderset , Alfredo Martínez-García , Sevasti Modestou , A. Nele Meckler

The middle Miocene climate transition (~14 million years ago) was characterized by a dramatic increase in the volume of the Antarctic ice sheet. The driving mechanism of this transition remains under discussion, with hypotheses including circulation changes, declining carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and orbital forcing. Southern Ocean records of planktic foraminiferal Mg/Ca have previously been interpreted to indicate a cooling of 6–7 °C and a decrease in salinity that preceded Antarctic cryosphere expansion by up to ~300,000 years. This interpretation has led to the hypothesis that changes in meridional heat and vapour transport along with an early thermal isolation of Antarctica from extrapolar climates played a fundamental role in triggering ice growth. Here we revisit the middle Miocene Southern Ocean temperature evolution using clumped isotope and lipid biomarker temperature proxies. Our records indicate that the Southern Ocean cooling and the associated salinity decrease occurred in phase with the expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet. We demonstrate that the timing and magnitude of the Southern Ocean temperature change seen in previous reconstructions can be explained if we consider pH as an additional, non-thermal, control on foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios. Therefore, our new dataset challenges the view of a thermal isolation of Antarctica preceding ice sheet expansion, and suggests a strong coupling between Southern Ocean conditions and Antarctic ice volume in times of declining atmospheric carbon dioxide.



中文翻译:

中新世中期,南大洋冷却和南极冰盖膨胀耦合

中新世中期(约1400万年前)气候过渡的特征是南极冰盖的数量急剧增加。这种转变的驱动机制仍在讨论中,其假设包括循环变化,大气中二氧化碳的减少和轨道强迫。先前已经解释了南大洋有孔虫有孔Mg / Ca的记录表明,在南极冰冻圈扩张长达约300,000年之前,降温了6–7°C,盐度降低。这种解释导致了这样一个假设,即子午热和蒸汽输送的变化以及南极洲与极地气候的早期热隔离,在触发冰的生长中起着根本作用。在这里,我们使用成簇的同位素和脂质生物标志物温度代理物来回顾中新世中期南海的温度演变。我们的记录表明,随着南极冰盖的扩张,南大洋的降温和相关的盐度降低是同步发生的。我们证明,如果我们将pH视为有孔虫的Mg / Ca比值的附加,非热控制因素,则可以解释先前重建中出现的南大洋温度变化的时间和大小。因此,我们的新数据集挑战了在冰盖膨胀之前对南极洲进行热隔离的观点,并提出了在大气二氧化碳减少时,南大洋条件与南极冰量之间的强耦合。我们的记录表明,随着南极冰盖的扩张,南大洋的降温和相关的盐度降低是同步发生的。我们证明,如果我们将pH视为有孔虫的Mg / Ca比值的附加,非热控制因素,则可以解释先前重建中出现的南大洋温度变化的时间和大小。因此,我们的新数据集挑战了冰盖膨胀之前南极洲热隔离的观点,并提出了在大气二氧化碳减少时南极海洋条件与南极冰量之间的强耦合。我们的记录表明,随着南极冰盖的扩张,南大洋的降温和相关的盐度降低是同步发生的。我们证明,如果我们将pH视为有孔虫的Mg / Ca比值的附加,非热控制因素,则可以解释先前重建中出现的南大洋温度变化的时间和大小。因此,我们的新数据集挑战了冰盖膨胀之前南极洲热隔离的观点,并提出了在大气二氧化碳减少时南极海洋条件与南极冰量之间的强耦合。我们证明,如果我们将pH视为有孔虫的Mg / Ca比值的附加,非热控制因素,则可以解释先前重建中出现的南大洋温度变化的时间和大小。因此,我们的新数据集挑战了冰盖膨胀之前南极洲热隔离的观点,并提出了在大气二氧化碳减少时南极海洋条件与南极冰量之间的强耦合。我们证明,如果我们将pH视为有孔虫的Mg / Ca比值的附加,非热控制因素,则可以解释先前重建中出现的南大洋温度变化的时间和大小。因此,我们的新数据集挑战了冰盖膨胀之前南极洲热隔离的观点,并提出了在大气二氧化碳减少时南极海洋条件与南极冰量之间的强耦合。

更新日期:2020-08-31
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