Abstract Susceptible (S) genes are those plant genes that facilitate pathogen infection and disease. The loss of function of these genes primarily interrupts the growth and development of invading pathogens and thus makes plants resistant. The S-gene-targeted resistance may produce durable immunity in plants. Because, S gene-based resistance is derived from the inactivation of a host factor required for the survival of a pathogen in the host. To bypass the S gene-based resistance, a parasitic pathogen must evolve and develop the same or similar functions provided naturally by its host factors, which is far more difficult or even may be impossible. However, it is critical to identify and target the appropriate S gene(s) aiming to gain resistant capacity against a particular disease, because S genes may be pathogen-specific in many cases. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has shown great potential in manipulating S genes in plants. The CRISPR-TSKO (CRISPR-based tissue-specific knock-out) tool kit can provide an understanding of the exact function of an individual gene in a tissue and developmental stage-specific manner while also producing a heritable mutant allele. In this review, candidate S genes have been summarized for CRISPR-TSKO mediated tissue-specific gene knockdown to enhance host resistance.

中文翻译：

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探索具有成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列的易感基因 - 组织特异性敲除 (CRISPR-TSKO) 以增强宿主抗性

摘要 易感 (S) 基因是那些促进病原体感染和疾病的植物基因。这些基因的功能丧失主要是中断入侵病原体的生长和发育，从而使植物具有抗性。S 基因靶向抗性可能会在植物中产生持久的免疫力。因为，基于 S 基因的抗性源自病原体在宿主中存活所需的宿主因子的失活。为了绕过基于 S 基因的抗性，寄生病原体必须进化并发展出与其宿主因素自然提供的相同或相似的功能，这要困难得多，甚至可能是不可能的。然而，识别和靶向合适的 S 基因以获取对特定疾病的抗性能力至关重要，因为 S 基因在许多情况下可能是病原体特异性的。成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR) 技术在操纵植物中的 S 基因方面显示出巨大的潜力。CRISPR-TSKO（基于 CRISPR 的组织特异性敲除）工具包可以以组织和发育阶段特异性方式了解单个基因的确切功能，同时还产生可遗传的突变等位基因。在这篇综述中，已经总结了 CRISPR-TSKO 介导的组织特异性基因敲低以增强宿主抗性的候选 S 基因。CRISPR-TSKO（基于 CRISPR 的组织特异性敲除）工具包可以以组织和发育阶段特异性方式了解单个基因的确切功能，同时还产生可遗传的突变等位基因。在这篇综述中，已经总结了 CRISPR-TSKO 介导的组织特异性基因敲低以增强宿主抗性的候选 S 基因。CRISPR-TSKO（基于 CRISPR 的组织特异性敲除）工具包可以以组织和发育阶段特异性方式了解单个基因的确切功能，同时还产生可遗传的突变等位基因。在这篇综述中，已经总结了 CRISPR-TSKO 介导的组织特异性基因敲低以增强宿主抗性的候选 S 基因。