Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder associated with dementia. To overcome the limitations of diagnosis and treatment nanotechnology research is bringing more needed and optimum clinical results. The use of nanocarriers for delivering bio-actives to treat neurodegenerative diseases has shown many benefits over common therapies such as the possibility of loading various payloads, controllable delivery, and amenability to surface modification with target ligands that can promote the crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for efficient distribution of bioactive into the brain. This review spotlights the applications of nanocarriers such as magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, polymeric nanocapsules, multifunctional nanoliposomes, and nanoemulsions in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The production of biosensors for the identification of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers has made considerable progress due to advances in nanoscience. The special properties of nanomaterials (such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver, gold, magnetic nanoparticles, polymers, and quantum dots) can improve the optical and electrochemical behavior of transducers. Therefore, electrochemical and optical biosensors with better sensitivity, selectivity, and prolonged stability desired. After all, the methods that focused on the identification of multiple analytes should be strengthened to reduce misdiagnosis.

中文翻译：

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用于治疗和诊断阿尔茨海默病的纳米材料：概述

【摘要】：阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种与痴呆相关的慢性神经退行性疾病。克服诊断和治疗的局限性纳米技术研究正在带来更多需要和最佳的临床结果。使用纳米载体递送生物活性物质来治疗神经退行性疾病已显示出许多优于普通疗法的优点，例如加载各种有效载荷的可能性、可控递送以及使用可促进血脑穿越的目标配体进行表面修饰的适应性屏障 (BBB)，用于将生物活性物质有效分配到大脑中。本综述重点介绍了纳米载体的应用，如磁性纳米粒子、碳纳米管、量子点、聚合物纳米胶囊、多功能纳米脂质体、和纳米乳剂在治疗神经退行性疾病中的作用。由于纳米科学的进步，用于识别阿尔茨海默病生物标志物的生物传感器的生产取得了长足的进步。纳米材料（如石墨烯、碳纳米管、银、金、磁性纳米粒子、聚合物和量子点）的特殊性质可以改善换能器的光学和电化学行为。因此，需要具有更好灵敏度、选择性和延长稳定性的电化学和光学生物传感器。毕竟，应该加强侧重于多种分析物鉴定的方法，以减少误诊。纳米材料（如石墨烯、碳纳米管、银、金、磁性纳米粒子、聚合物和量子点）的特殊性质可以改善换能器的光学和电化学行为。因此，需要具有更好灵敏度、选择性和延长稳定性的电化学和光学生物传感器。毕竟，应该加强侧重于多种分析物鉴定的方法，以减少误诊。纳米材料（如石墨烯、碳纳米管、银、金、磁性纳米粒子、聚合物和量子点）的特殊性质可以改善换能器的光学和电化学行为。因此，需要具有更好灵敏度、选择性和延长稳定性的电化学和光学生物传感器。毕竟，应该加强侧重于多种分析物鉴定的方法，以减少误诊。