Abstract Water deficit is the major constraint to crop production in dry temperate climates and no-till (NT) has been widely recommended to increase water conservation, crop yields, and soil organic carbon (SOC) content. In this study, tillage practice [conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), NT and annually alternating tillage with NT (NT/MT)]] and crop rotation [fallow-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; FW), continuous wheat (CW), and wheat-pulse (WP) rotation] effects were investigated in a long-term experiment over three decades. Although NT increased soil water conservation and water use efficiency (WUE) compared to CT and MT, wheat yields were not higher for NT during the first 13 years when nitrogen (N) fertilizer was broadcast in the soil. After 1996, when N fertilizer was side-banded during seeding, CW-NT had 6% higher yields than CW-MT although not significant. The mean yield of pulse crops was 14 % higher for NT than MT, where the greatest yield benefit was found in warmer and drier years so NT is also adaptation to weather variability. The yield advantage of wheat after pulse in WP compared to CW increased by 41 kg ha−1 yr−1 (P

中文翻译：

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半干旱气候下免耕豆类作物的轮作收益随时间增加

摘要 缺水是干旱温带气候下作物生产的主要制约因素，广泛推荐免耕 (NT) 以提高节水、作物产量和土壤有机碳 (SOC) 含量。在本研究中，耕作实践 [常规耕作 (CT)、最少耕作 (MT)、NT 和每年与 NT 交替耕作 (NT/MT)]] 和作物轮作 [休耕小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.; FW)，连续小麦 (CW) 和小麦脉冲 (WP) 轮作] 效应在长达三十年的长期实验中进行了研究。尽管与 CT 和 MT 相比，NT 提高了土壤保水和水分利用效率 (WUE)，但在土壤中施氮 (N) 肥料的前 13 年，NT 的小麦产量并未提高。1996 年以后，当氮肥在播种时进行侧带，CW-NT 的产量比 CW-MT 高 6%，但不显着。NT 的豆类作物的平均产量比 MT 高 14%，在温暖和干燥的年份发现产量效益最大，因此 NT 也能适应天气变化。与 CW 相比，WP 脉冲后小麦的产量优势增加了 41 kg ha-1 yr-1（P