Regulator of G protein signaling 10 (RGS10) belongs to the superfamily of RGS proteins, defined by the presence of a conserved RGS domain that canonically binds and deactivates heterotrimeric G-proteins. RGS proteins act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which accelerate GTP hydrolysis on the G-protein α subunits and result in termination of signaling pathways downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. RGS10 is the smallest protein of the D/R12 subfamily and selectively interacts with Gαi proteins. It is widely expressed in many cells and tissues, with the highest expression found in the brain and immune cells. RGS10 expression is transcriptionally regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. Although RGS10 lacks multiple of the defined regulatory domains found in other RGS proteins, RGS10 contains post-translational modification sites regulating its expression, localization, and function. Additionally, RGS10 is a critical protein in the regulation of physiological processes in multiple cells, where dysregulation of its expression has been implicated in various diseases including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, osteopetrosis, chemoresistant ovarian cancer and cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes RGS10 features and its regulatory mechanisms, and discusses the known functions of RGS10 in cellular physiology and pathogenesis of several diseases.

G 蛋白信号转导调节因子 10 (RGS10) 属于 RGS 蛋白超家族，定义为存在一个保守的 RGS 结构域，该结构域规范地结合异源三聚体 G 蛋白并使其失活。RGS 蛋白充当 GTP 酶激活蛋白 (GAP)，加速 G 蛋白 α 亚基上的 GTP 水解，并导致 G 蛋白偶联受体下游信号通路的终止。RGS10 是 D/R12 亚家族中最小的蛋白质，可选择性地与 Gαi 蛋白质相互作用。它在许多细胞和组织中广泛表达，在大脑和免疫细胞中表达量最高。RGS10 表达通过表观遗传机制进行转录调控。尽管 RGS10 缺少其他 RGS 蛋白中发现的多个定义的调控域，RGS10 包含调节其表达、定位和功能的翻译后修饰位点。此外，RGS10 是调节多个细胞生理过程的关键蛋白，其表达失调与多种疾病有关，包括帕金森病、多发性硬化症、骨硬化症、化疗耐药性卵巢癌和心脏肥大。本综述总结了 RGS10 的特征及其调控机制，并讨论了 RGS10 在细胞生理学和多种疾病发病机制中的已知功能。多发性硬化症、骨硬化症、化疗耐药性卵巢癌和心脏肥大。本综述总结了 RGS10 的特征及其调控机制，并讨论了 RGS10 在细胞生理学和多种疾病发病机制中的已知功能。多发性硬化症、骨硬化症、化疗耐药性卵巢癌和心脏肥大。本综述总结了 RGS10 的特征及其调控机制，并讨论了 RGS10 在细胞生理学和多种疾病发病机制中的已知功能。