Abstract Southern Hemisphere Holocene glacier chronologies are important for unraveling past climate change, mid-to-high latitude teleconnections, and regional to global climate forcing. At present, a significant number of glacier chronologies for Patagonia are based on 14C dating, which may afford only maximum- or minimum-limiting dates. Here, we combine geomorphology and stratigraphy with radiocarbon (14C) and beryllium-10 (10Be) surface exposure-age dating at three outlet glaciers, Zapata, Tyndall, and Pingo. These glaciers drain the southernmost tip of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field at Torres del Paine National Park, Chile (51°S). After an expansion that we date at 3200 yr. B.P., the Torres del Paine glaciers expanded to their last major Late Holocene maxima at 600 and 340 yr. B.P., with the final dated readvance after 190 yr. B.P. We use these data, together with other Patagonian glacier records, to define the early, mid and final glacial stages of the last millennium. These cold events were separated by warm conditions that allowed the Nothofagus forest to colonize deglaciated land. The presence of near-concurrent glacier fluctuations in Patagonia and Antarctic Peninsula indicates widespread cooling punctuated the Late Holocene, including the last millennium, across much of the extratropical Southern Hemisphere. We link this cooling to cold oceanographic-atmospheric conditions forced by a northern shift or intensification of the Southern Westerly Winds. Such scenario increased northward advection of cold Antarctic circumpolar water along western Patagonia and favored decreased upwelling of warm circumpolar deep water together with expanded sea ice around the Antarctic Peninsula.

中文翻译：

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14C 和 10Be 测年 Torres del Paine（智利，51°S）巴塔哥尼亚冰川的全新世晚期波动以及与南极气候变化的联系

摘要 南半球全新世冰川年表对于解开过去的气候变化、中高纬度遥相关以及区域到全球气候强迫很重要。目前，巴塔哥尼亚的大量冰川年表是基于 14C 年代测定的，这可能只能提供最大或最小限制日期。在这里，我们将地貌学和地层学与放射性碳 (14C) 和铍 10 (10Be) 表面暴露年龄相结合，在萨帕塔冰川、廷德尔冰川和平戈冰川这三个出口冰川进行了测年。这些冰川从智利托雷斯德尔潘恩国家公园 (51°S) 的南巴塔哥尼亚冰原最南端排出。在我们确定为 3200 年的扩张之后。BP，托雷斯德尔潘恩冰川在 600 年和 340 年扩张到最后一个主要的全新世晚期最大值。BP，最终日期为 190 年之后。BP 我们使用这些数据以及其他巴塔哥尼亚冰川记录来定义上千年的早期、中期和最终冰川阶段。这些寒冷的事件被温暖的条件所分隔，这使得 Nothofagus 森林能够在冰川消融的土地上定居。巴塔哥尼亚和南极半岛几乎同时出现的冰川波动表明，在温带南半球的大部分地区，包括上个千年在内的全新世晚期出现了广泛的降温。我们将这种冷却与由南方西风向北移动或加强所造成的寒冷海洋大气条件联系起来。