Abstract Thermodynamic ablation of ice in contact with the ocean is an essential element of ice sheet and ocean interactions but is challenging to model and quantify. Building on earlier observations of sea ice ablation, a variety of recent theoretical, experimental and observational studies have considered ice ablation in contrasting geometries, from vertical to near-horizontal ice faces, and reveal different scaling behaviour for predicted ablation rates in different dynamical regimes. However, uncertainties remain about when the contrasting results should be applied, as existing model parameterisations do not capture all relevant regimes of ice–ocean ablation. To progress towards improved models of ice–ocean​ interaction, we synthesise current understanding into a classification of ablation types. We examine the effect of the classification on the parameterisation of turbulent fluxes from the ocean towards the ice, and identify the dominant processes next to ice interfaces of different orientation. Four ablation types are defined: melting and dissolving based on ocean temperatures, and shear-controlled and buoyancy-controlled regimes based on the dynamics of the near-ice molecular sublayer. We describe existing observational and modelling studies of sea ice, ice shelves, and glacier termini, as well as laboratory studies, to show how they fit into this classification. Two sets of observations from the Ross and Ronne Ice Shelf cavities suggest that both the buoyancy-controlled and shear-controlled regimes may be relevant under different oceanographic conditions. Overall, buoyancy-controlled dynamics are more likely when the molecular sublayer has lower Reynolds number, and shear for higher Reynolds number, although the observations suggest some variability about this trend.

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从理论、观察和模型综合分析冰-海界面处的热力学消融

摘要 与海洋接触的冰的热力学消融是冰盖和海洋相互作用的基本要素，但建模和量化具有挑战性。在早期对海冰消融的观察的基础上，最近的各种理论、实验和观察研究都考虑了从垂直到近水平冰面的对比几何形状中的冰消融，并揭示了不同动力学状态下预测消融率的不同缩放行为。然而，关于何时应用对比结果仍然存在不确定性，因为现有的模型参数化并没有涵盖所有相关的冰洋消融机制。为了改进冰-海洋相互作用模型，我们将当前的理解综合到消融类型的分类中。我们检查了分类对从海洋到冰的湍流通量参数化的影响，并确定了不同方向的冰界面旁边的主要过程。定义了四种消融类型：基于海洋温度的融化和溶解，以及基于近冰分子亚层动力学的剪切控制和浮力控制机制。我们描述了对海冰、冰架和冰川末端的现有观测和建模研究，以及实验室研究，以展示它们如何适应这种分类。Ross 和 Ronne 冰架空腔的两组观察结果表明，浮力控制和剪切控制机制可能与不同的海洋条件相关。全面的，