Abstract In this study individual and combined effects of some chemical and physical factors including cypermethrin, dichlorvos, ash, kaolin and high temperatures were assessed on adults of cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) at laboratory conditions. The adults were exposed to the studied factors on concrete arenas prepared in plastic Petri dishes. Twenty up to 24 h old adults were released in each Petri dish, and their mortality was recorded 72 h after treatment. The LC25 values of the insecticides, LD25 values of the inert dusts and LTi25 values of high temperatures were estimated and used for determining combination effects of the two factors. To determine combination effects of three factors, LC15 values of insecticides, LD15 values of inert dusts and LTi15 values of high temperatures were estimated and used in the bioassays. The LC50 and LD50 values for cypermethrin, dichlorvos, ash and kaolin were 1286.96 mg a. i./L, 1350.55 mg a. i./L, 36.64 g/m2 and 45.18 g/m2, respectively. The LTi50 values at 45, 48, 50, 52 and 55 °C were 34, 29, 18, 11 and 8 min, respectively. The results indicated that the effect of simultaneous exposure to cypermethrin, high temperatures and ash or kaolin was significantly more than sum of individual effects of these factors. It means the effects of cypermethrin, high temperatures and inert dusts were synergized by each other. If similar treatments performed at larger scales give comparable results, it may be concluded that reduced dosage of cypermethrin, high temperatures and ash or kaolin combinations would be effective alternative control methods and can be used in cowpea seed beetle management programs.

中文翻译：

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杀虫剂、惰性粉尘和高温对 Callosobruchus maculatus（鞘翅目：Chrysomelidae）的单独和综合影响

摘要 本研究在实验室条件下评估了氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、灰分、高岭土和高温等一些化学和物理因素对豇豆种子甲虫 Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) 成虫的个体和综合影响。成年人在塑料培养皿中制备的混凝土场地上暴露于所研究的因素。每个培养皿中释放 20 至 24 小时的成年人，并在处理后 72 小时记录其死亡率。估算了杀虫剂的 LC25 值、惰性粉尘的 LD25 值和高温的 LTi25 值，并用于确定这两个因素的组合效应。为了确定三个因素的组合效应，评估了杀虫剂的 LC15 值、惰性粉尘的 LD15 值和高温的 LTi15 值并将其用于生物测定。氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、灰分和高岭土的 LC50 和 LD50 值分别为 1286.96 mg ai/L、1350.55 mg ai/L、36.64 g/m2 和 45.18 g/m2。45、48、50、52 和 55 °C 下的 LTi50 值分别为 34、29、18、11 和 8 分钟。结果表明，同时暴露于氯氰菊酯、高温和灰或高岭土的影响显着大于这些因素的个体影响之和。这意味着氯氰菊酯、高温和惰性粉尘的作用相互协同。如果在更大规模进行的类似处理产生可比的结果，则可以得出结论，降低氯氰菊酯的剂量、高温和灰分或高岭土组合将是有效的替代控制方法，可用于豇豆种子甲虫管理计划。