Abstract The decline of bees and other invertebrate pollinators is cause for global concern, with modern intensive agriculture identified as a key driver. Government-run agri-environment schemes (AES) have the potential to restore the local landscape to benefit bees. Bee abundance, species richness and foraged plants were surveyed over a season on 18 farms in Shropshire, UK, classified into three treatment groups for comparison: Conventional, Entry-Level Stewardship AES (ELS), and Higher-Level Stewardship AES (HLS). Bee abundance and species diversity were significantly higher on AES-compliant farms: there were only small or non-significant differences between ELS- and HLS-compliant farms. ELS and HLS farms had higher diversity of floral foraging resources than conventionally managed farms. Cirsium, Heracleum sphondylium, and Rubus fruticosus were important resources for bees through the season. Synthesis and applications These results highlight that key ELS actions, such as set-aside of uncultivated field margins, hedgerow restoration, late-cut meadows and sowing of nectar-rich flower mixes, are effective AES options to improve the landscape for bee communities. Many plants considered agricultural weeds are important forage resources for bees.

中文翻译：

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农业环境计划对什罗普郡农场蜜蜂的影响

摘要 蜜蜂和其他无脊椎动物传粉媒介的减少引起了全球关注，现代集约化农业被确定为关键驱动因素。政府运营的农业环境计划 (AES) 有潜力恢复当地景观，造福蜜蜂。对英国什罗普郡 18 个农场的蜜蜂丰度、物种丰富度和觅食植物进行了一个季节的调查，分为三个处理组进行比较：常规、入门级管理 AES (ELS) 和高级管理 AES (HLS)。AES 兼容农场的蜜蜂丰度和物种多样性显着更高：ELS 和 HLS 兼容农场之间只有很小或不显着的差异。ELS 和 HLS 农场比传统管理的农场具有更高的花卉觅食资源多样性。Cirsium，Heracleum sphondylium，Rubus fruticosus 是整个季节蜜蜂的重要资源。合成和应用 这些结果强调了关键的 ELS 行动，例如留出未开垦的田地边缘、树篱恢复、晚割草甸和播种富含花蜜的花卉混合物，是改善蜜蜂群落景观的有效 AES 选择。许多被认为是农业杂草的植物是蜜蜂的重要饲料资源。