Lithium metal has been regarded as the most promising anode for the next generation high energy- density batteries. However, detrimental side reactions with electrolyte, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth, distinct volume expansion and fragile solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer lead to low coulombic efficiency (CE), rapid battery failure and even safety hazards, which hinders its practical application. Herein, we propose a novel composite anode which embeds Li metal particles into a Li⁺/electron hybrid conductive framework and is reinforced by CNTs. Sulfurized pyrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile) (S@pPAN), which is extensively studied as superior cathode materials, is creatively adopted to render abundant Li₃N and Li₂S on the surface of the Li particles and in the free-space. The in-situ formed hybrid framework not only provides a rapid Li⁺ transfer channel throughout the electrode, but also suppresses the Li dendrite growth and inhibits the volume expansion. With further assistance of lithiophilic nano-MgO, the composite anode achieved dense and reversible Li plating/striping. As a result, a long cycle life of more than 800 hours with 10 mAh cm⁻² and excellent electrode kinetics are obtained for symmetric cells. Moreover, the full cells coupled with S@pPAN and LiFePO₄ cathodes deliver a long and stable cycle life. The rational 3D composite anode design provides a feasible strategy to build high performance Li metal batteries.

金属锂已被认为是下一代高能量密度电池最有希望的阳极。然而，与电解质的有害副反应，不可控制的锂枝晶生长，明显的体积膨胀和易碎的固体电解质界面（SEI）层导致库仑效率（CE）低，电池快速失效甚至安全隐患，这阻碍了其实际应用。本文中，我们提出了一种新型的复合阳极，该阳极将Li金属颗粒嵌入到Li ⁺ /电子混合导电框架中，并通过CNT增强。硫磺化热解聚丙烯腈（S @ pPAN）被广泛研究为优良的正极材料，被创造性地采用以提供丰富的Li ₃ N和Li ₂Li颗粒表面和自由空间中的S。原位形成的混合骨架不仅在整个电极上提供了快速的Li ⁺传输通道，而且还抑制了Li树枝状晶体的生长并抑制了体积膨胀。在亲硫性纳米MgO的进一步协助下，复合阳极实现了致密且可逆的Li镀/剥离。结果，对于对称电池获得了超过800小时的10 mAh cm ^-2的长循环寿命和优异的电极动力学。此外，全电池与S @ pPAN和LiFePO ₄阴极相结合可提供长而稳定的循环寿命。合理的3D复合阳极设计提供了构建高性能锂金属电池的可行策略。